Winter outdoor work safety can not be ignored, warm guide please receive good!

From winter to winter, outdoor workers work in cold, cold, open-air environments. Not only are they susceptible to frostbite and chapped skin, they also cause frequent production safety accidents due to cold.

The impact of low temperature on the human body

First, in extremely cold temperatures, cold pain, frostbite, and freezing and freezing may occur in body tissue in a very short time;

The second is the sticky skin damage that occurs when cold metal comes in contact with the skin. This condition usually occurs at temperatures below minus 10 °C.

Third, the temperature is not low enough to cause cold pain and frostbite, but due to systemic long-term low-temperature exposure, the human body loses too much heat, and the deep body temperature falls below the physiological tolerable limit, resulting in uncomfortable symptoms of low temperature. , There are short-term breathing, rapid heart rate, headache, drowsiness, physical numbness and other physiological reactions, but also there are psychological reactions such as dullness, inflexible action response, inattention, instability, and bad mood, affecting safe production.

Problems with outdoor operations

Question 1

Open-air operations

Neither building a building nor building a highway, railway, airport, field exploration, etc., 95% of the work is done in open air. The construction of winter workers is directly exposed to the cold environment, and when it encounters windy and snowy weather, it is prone to frostbite.

Question 2

Long working hours

The working conditions of outdoor work are hard and the labor intensity is very high, which is not conducive to the worker’s resumption of physical strength, resulting in a decline in physiological adjustment function, not only easy frostbite but also susceptible to other diseases.

Question 3

Poor accommodation

The construction site has mobility and is a temporary workplace. The working hours are generally 1 to 3 years. For this reason, the contractor can only provide the workers with simple housing. In the cold winter nights, workers heat up, some use electric blankets, some use earthen stoves, and others burn wood directly in the work shed to get warm. They are prone to sudden safety incidents such as fire and gas poisoning.

Question 4

Poor diet

In order to earn more profits, the contractor will not invest too much in the diet of the workers, generally only satisfying the staple food. In the menu of rice, protein content is insufficient and processing is rough, which will lead to a decline in appetite in winter workers and a decrease in the body's physical fitness.

Cold measures

01. Strengthen the publicity of keeping warm and keep warm

People generally think that the peak of frostbite should occur in the winter cold season, but the actual situation is not the case. The hands and feet suffered frostbite, especially the frostbite of the feet, which mostly occurred during the late autumn and early winter when the weather was not too cold. At this time, it was called the peak period of the first frostbite in the whole year. In the late autumn and early winter, contractors and management personnel must systematically carry out warm-keeping work for workers to improve their living conditions and dietary standards. At the same time, workers should be informed about the cold and warmth, so that they can understand the prevention of frostbite and hand-foot cleft palate.

02. Unsuitable for adjusting the operation from low temperature

In the early stage of cryogenic operations, heart rate is increased, cardiac output is increased, and later, heart rate is reduced, and cardiac output is reduced. Low body temperature also affects the heart conduction system and appears bradycardia. If it is a person with poor cold resistance or cold allergies, in the event of a sudden drop in temperature, the blood is concentrated at a faster rate than the average person in the internal organs to ensure the normal work of the body, but the hands, feet, ears and other edges The lack of blood in the blood supply at the site causes the temperature of the skin and surface muscles in the hands, feet, ears, etc. to fall, which can easily lead to the occurrence of frostbite. Therefore, cryogenic workers should undergo regular physical examinations every year. Patients with frail and cardiovascular, liver, and kidney diseases during the examination should avoid cold work. Those with poor cold resistance or cold allergies should reasonably arrange the type of work.

03. Configure warm winter clothes for field workers

In the winter, cotton, cotton caps, cotton boots, and gloves with different thermal properties should be appropriately added according to the temperature, and the cotton should be dark. Research shows that black clothes absorb more solar radiation than light-colored clothes. Therefore, dark clothes can make the body get some more heat, with warm function. Clothing should not be too tight, if you wear clothes too tight, the body's blood circulation will be a certain obstacle, but not conducive to keep warm. For example, shoes and socks that are worn too tightly can cause poor blood flow to the feet, and the heat cannot reach the feet. The feet feel colder. In the long term, frostbite may occur.

04. Arrange workers to work in the sun as much as possible

Sunlight not only protects the cold, but also regulates moods. Workers should be allowed to work in the sun and work near the north side of the wall or dike. It is also possible to do some simple enclosures on the north side of workers' work sites. Windproof work to prevent workers from working in a cold and cold wind environment.

05. Arranging labor time reasonably

Outdoor work, especially on construction sites, should be adjusted appropriately during the cold season to reduce daily working hours. In areas with extremely cold temperatures, when the temperature falls below -25 °C, the construction must be stopped, leaving the necessary care workers and transferring people to warmer areas.

06. Provide nutrition reasonably

For low-temperature operators and outdoor operators in winter, effective measures are taken to ensure that employees eat hot meals, hot dishes, and hot soup; and supply of soy products, meat, and vegetables is increased on the basis of ensuring the supply of rice and flour-based staple foods. Change your diet as much as possible to avoid eating too greasy foods. Some spicy spices, such as onions, ginger, garlic, etc., can also make the body feel warm, but it is strictly prohibited to drink and heat.

07, as far as possible to protect the comfort of the sleeping environment

Adequate sleep, just to supplement the lack of winter yang. Accommodation rooms should be well lit and facing southwards. Each room is equipped with an electric heater or heating stove. Workers' dormitory heating facilities should be managed by special personnel. It is forbidden to use open flames for heating and unreasonable pulling and indiscriminately connecting electrical appliances to prevent smoke poisoning, fire and electric shock accidents. All coal-fired stoves must be equipped with chimneys and no chimney-free stoves should be used. It is forbidden to use the basement of an unfinished project as an accommodation place.

08. Prepare some antifreeze skin care products

Wash your face, do not use overheated water to wash your hands. Excessive water temperature will directly burn your skin. On the other hand, it will also flush your face with oils, which will easily cause chapped skin and will not protect your skin. In addition, after washing your face, dry it and then go out. This will reduce the damage of the cold wind to the facial skin. Vulnerable to Vaseline or other types of oils, to protect the skin.

Treatment of frostbite

01. Emergency treatment of local frostbite

In the event of frostbite, if possible, the patient can enter the warm room and give a warm drink to increase the body temperature of the patient as soon as possible. At the same time, soak the frostbite in warm water of 38 °C ~ 42 °C , the water temperature should not exceed 45 °C , soaking time can not exceed 20min . If frostbite occurs in the wild, unconditionally hot water bathing, can be placed in the arms of their own or rescuers to warm, can also play the role of hot water bath, so that the frozen parts quickly restore blood circulation. In the emergency treatment of frostbite, frostbite must not be rubbed with snow or roasted with fire, which can only increase the degree of damage.

02. First aid for freezing and freezing

Freezing and freezing refers to the damage that the human body suffers from cold attacks and systemic cooling. The casualty was characterized by general stiffness, a feeling of dullness, weakness in the limbs, dizziness, even confusion, loss of consciousness, and death due to respiratory and circulatory failure. The frozen and wounded casualties are no longer able to save themselves. The rescuers should immediately transfer them to a warm room. The movements should be gentle when handling and avoid the effects of rigid body injuries. Then quickly remove the wet clothes and footwear from the wounded and bathe the wounded in warm water at 38 °C to 42 °C . If the clothing is frozen on the wounded person's limb, do not force it to take off so as not to damage the skin. Put warm water in with the clothing and remove it after thawing.

03, the treatment of frostbite

Freezing and severe frostbite are urgently sent to the hospital for treatment after on-site treatment. For lighter one- and two-degree frostbite, try the following self-treatment methods.

After the occurrence of frostbite, mild skin may not be broken, can be coated with chilblain cream; local warm bath, use eggplant pod, pepper pod or wormwood, etc., add 10 to 15 times the water to boil and filter, until the water temperature is not hot when the dip Partially, 1 to 2 times a day, 15 to 30 minutes each time .

If the frostbite has been broken, it can be topically applied with 5% boric acid ointment and erythromycin ointment and dressed with sterile sand.

It may also be two rod 2 Shuangda pepper, eggplant two rods 4, thick fried peppers 3 water, Washing the affected area, once a day, to keep warm and to avoid re frostbite. Applying butter to the frostbite is better.

Apply honey cream: grease has a thermal effect, honey has a nutritious skin effect. Take 3 portions of cooked lard, 7 portions of honey, plus a little camphor, mix well into a paste. Do not have to heat, smear the affected area 1 or 2 times a day, the effect of early frostbite is significant.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.