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According to the Daily Scientific Network, consumers have always wanted to have flexible smartphones and tablets. However, electronic components such as chips and displays are generally composed of metal and inorganic semiconductors. Therefore, scientists try to use plastics (polymers). Flexible electronic devices have been developed, but plastics are not very conductive. American scientists recently proposed the theory and formula to improve the electrical properties of plastic semiconductors, and published in the "Journal of the National Academy of Sciences", the new research is conducive to the advent of flexible electronic devices.
At the end of the 1970s, three scientists discovered for the first time that polymers that had previously been considered non-conductive, and that they could conduct electricity under certain conditions, had won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Since then, scientists have been hoping to make use of the rare electrical properties of polymers to create electronic devices that will not break after bending.
However, when experiments were conducted using polymer semiconductors, these flexible materials exhibited "abnormal transport behavior", that is, the speed at which electrons flow through the various parts of the system was not uniform. In this regard, the latest research leader Andrew Sparkitz, a professor of chemical engineering at Stanford University, said: “Plastics or polymers can be well bent or stretched, but at the molecular scale, it resembles a bowl of pasta. This structure is more inconsistent with a wide variety of silicon and other inorganic semiconductor structures. This inconsistent structure has important implications for the conductive properties of polymer semiconductors."
Spaczez and Roberto Noriega of the University of California and Alberto Serreio, a professor of materials science and engineering at Stanford University, created the first theoretical model containing this molecular-scale polyphase structure. They hope to use this to understand, predict and enhance the conductivity of semiconducting polymers.
Using this model, the researchers found that the conductivity of different parts of the polymer semiconductor is different. They explain that the diversity of this rate depends on whether the polymer's components are mixed together like a bowl of pasta, or whether it is still relatively straight, even if it is curved, like a driveway on a highway. In other words, this type of entangled structure, which allows plastics and other polymers to bend, also weakens their electrical conductivity.
The new model also enables people to better understand how the polymer semiconductor's flexibility and conductivity are balanced. In addition, researchers have also given a simple algorithm that tells scientists how to control the process of making polymers and design materials that have improved electrical properties.
Spakez said: "A simple theory that can explain the problem is a good start." He added that further research will help scientists eventually develop a flexible smartphone and a collapsible e-reader. (Liu Xia)
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