[China Aluminum Industry Network] Aluminum and aluminum alloy forgings are mainly used in industrial sectors that require a large degree of lightness. According to the current situation in various countries, the main market distribution is as follows.
(1) Aviation (aircraft) forgings: Forgings on aircraft account for about 70% of the weight of aircraft materials, such as landing gear, frames, ribs, engine parts, moving rings, and non-moving rings. Thousands of forgings are used on an aircraft. Among them, except that a few high-temperature components use superalloys and titanium alloy forgings, most of them have been aluminized. For example, the Boeing Company of the United States produces thousands of aircrafts each year and consumes tens of thousands of tons of aluminum alloy forgings each year. China's fighter planes and other military aircraft and civil aircraft are also developing rapidly. In particular, the launch of large-aircraft projects and the implementation of key projects such as aircraft carriers, aluminum forgings to be consumed will increase year by year.
(2) Aerospace forgings: Forgings on spacecraft are mainly forging rings, rims, wing spars and frame bases. Most of them are aluminum forgings, as long as there are a few titanium forgings. The development of spacecraft, rockets, missiles, and satellites has increased the demand for aluminum forgings. For example, in recent years, AL-Li alloy shell forgings for ultra-long-range missiles developed by our country each weigh more than 300 kilograms worth hundreds of thousands of yuan. The amount of Φ1.5-Φ6mm aluminum alloy forging rings is also increasing.
(3) Weapons Industry: The number of aluminum alloy forgings used as load-bearing parts, such as tanks, armored vehicles, personnel carriers, combat vehicles, rockets, artillery holders, warships, etc., has greatly increased, basically replacing steel forgings. In particular, important forgings such as aluminum alloy tank wheels have become important materials for lightweight and modern weapons.
(4) Automobiles are more promising industries that use aluminum alloy forgings, and they are also large users of aluminum forgings. Mainly used as hubs (special heavy-duty vehicles and large and medium-sized passenger cars), bumpers, base frames and other small aluminum forgings, among which the aluminum hubs are heavy-duty aluminum forgings and are mainly used for buses, trucks and heavy-duty vehicles. In recent years, it has also begun to be used in small and medium-sized cars, motorcycles and limousines. According to statistics, the annual growth rate of aluminum wheel usage in the world has reached over 20% in recent years, and the current usage amount reaches several billion.
China has just started, but large auto companies such as FAW and Second Automobile are starting R&D. With the increase in automobile production (China's auto production is expected to reach 15 million vehicles/year in 2010, the world's auto output may exceed 70 million vehicles/year), aluminum The use of hubs and other aluminum forgings will be surprisingly advanced. At present, there are two methods for manufacturing aluminum alloy wheels commonly used in industry: casting and forging.
The casting method is further divided into gravity casting and pressure casting. The wheel products produced by the casting method have poor tissue density and uniformity and low mechanical properties. The manufacturing accuracy (thickness) is also poor, and the amount of follow-up machining is too large to meet the high-reliability lightweight passenger vehicle performance requirements, and it is unable to meet the impact resistance, fatigue life, and bearing capacity requirements of the commercial vehicle wheels.
The aluminum alloy automobile wheels produced by the forging method have good mechanical properties, high structural strength, light weight (thick wall thickness), high impact resistance, excellent anti-corrosion performance and fatigue resistance, and can meet the requirements of commercial vehicle wheels. Therefore, it gradually becomes the preferred accessory for automobiles, especially for limousines and wheels for large, heavy, luxury passenger cars and trucks, and there is a tendency to gradually replace cast aluminum alloy wheels. For example, the 6061T6 automobile wheel produced by the Alcoa Company with a 80MN forging hydraulic press has a grain deformation flow direction that is consistent with the direction of force. The strength, toughness, and fatigue strength are both much higher than those of a cast alloy wheel, while the weight is reduced by 20%. Up to 12% to 16%. And has a very high ability to absorb shock and pressure, withstand strong impact.
In addition, the wrought aluminum wheel has a high density, no looseness, pinholes, no pores on the surface, and has a good surface treatment performance. Uniform coating, high bonding force, harmonious color and beautiful appearance. Wrought aluminum wheels have very good machining properties. It can be seen that forged aluminum wheels have light weight, high specific strength, toughness and fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity, easy machining, good circularity, impact resistance, safe use, easy maintenance, and use cost Low, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, beautiful and durable, it is an ideal material for the transportation of rotating parts such as car wheels, and has broad application prospects.
(5) In the energy and power industry, aluminum forgings will gradually replace some steel forgings to make racks, retaining rings, moving rings and immovable rings, as well as coal transportation wheels, LNG flanges, nuclear power station fuel racks, etc., which are generally large. Medium-sized forgings.
(6) Aluminium forgings are used on ships and ships as racks, moving rings, immovable rings, turrets, etc.
(7) In the machinery manufacturing industry, it is currently mainly used for making racks, sliders, connecting rods, and stranded wire trays in woodworking machinery, textile machinery, etc., and only the stranding aluminum forgings for textile machines are needed every year in China. Tens of thousands of pieces, weighing more than 1,500 tons.
(8) Mould Industry Use aluminum alloy forgings to make rubber molds, shoe molds, and other light-duty molds.
(9) In the transportation machinery and train locomotive industries, aluminum alloy forgings are widely used as cylinders, pistons, and skirts. Only 4032 alloy cylinders, piston skirts, and other forgings consumed in the country each year amount to tens of thousands.
(10) Other aspects, such as electronic communication, household appliances, sports equipment, etc., have begun to use aluminum forgings instead of steel, copper and other materials forgings.
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