According to a report from the Physicist Organization Network on September 5, researchers at the University of Washington in St. Louis have found a versatile species of green algae in the microbial world that can fix or absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) through photosynthesis. Ethanol, hydrogen, n-butanol, isobutanol, and potentially biodiesel, like a top-five "superstar", help both reduce global warming and maintain energy supplies. The results of the study were published in the latest issue of the journal Marine Drugs.
Synechocystis 6803 is a single-celled cyanobacterium that can exert many functions. It can perform oxygenation photosynthesis and has a natural DNA transformation system. Due to its versatility and potential, this tiny organism has been the most studied since its discovery in 1968. It can capture and store energy through photosynthesis, naturally converting greenhouse gas carbon dioxide into useful chemical products. In addition, the genetically modified Synechocystis 6803 also has the potential to be manufactured into chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
Zhang Fudong, assistant professor of energy, environmental and chemical engineering at the University of Washington-St. Louis, focuses on Synechocystis 6803 and other microorganisms and systems. In the field of synthetic biology, protein engineering and metabolic engineering, he specializes in synthetic control systems to make the body Reached its untapped strength. He said that the biotech world needs to overcome some challenges and bring GM microorganisms into the application phase. Their goal is to transform microorganisms into tiny factories to produce useful chemicals.
Through biosynthetic design, genetically modified bacteria fix CO2 and further convert it into fuel and other chemicals. Traditional chemical production requires high pressures, high temperatures, and many chemical solvents, but microbial methods are very environmentally friendly: Once the genetically engineered cyanobacteria begin to grow, all of its needs are water, alkaline salts, and CO2. The results of the study indicate that in order to increase the production rate, new genetic tools must be developed to control the biochemistry within Synechocystis to improve chemical productivity and to make this technology economically viable.
However, the production speed of this technology has yet to be improved. The efficiency of the laboratory is now very low, less than 1 gram per liter. At present, the chemical production technology is about 100 grams per litre. Zhang Fudong said that they need to design the circadian rhythm of the organism (day/night) and one day it can produce biofuels or chemicals around the clock. For example, natural Synechocystis 6803 can produce and store energy through photosynthesis during the day, while at night it can use a different set of metabolic settings to consume the stored energy.
This study includes tools for gene expression, new chemical synthesis pathways, and cyanobacterial day and night control tools. Zhang Fudong said: "I believe within two or three years, we will have more powerful tools to design the level and timing of gene expression and accelerate this process more accurately and efficiently." (Hua Ling)
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