In the irrigated winter wheat area, before the planting of the wheat, the organic fertilizer and 60% of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer required for the whole growth period, 100% of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied and then ploughed into the soil, and combined with the local plant protection according to the local soil and climatic conditions. Fertilization is carried out in the soil analysis of the station. Under normal circumstances, 30-40 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied.
In the dry winter wheat area, due to the small amount of precipitation during the growth period of wheat, the effect of shallow application of top dressing is poor, and generally no top dressing is applied. The organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are applied in one go before the wheat is planted.
top dressing
In the irrigated winter wheat area, in the early spring wheat returning to the jointing stage, combined with spring irrigation, the application of returning green fertilizer. Topdressing is nitrogen fertilizer, and the application rate is 40% of the nitrogen requirement in the whole growth period.
1, the principle of fertilization
(1) Applying base fertilizer to increase organic fertilizer to increase soil organic matter content, fertilize soil capacity, and enhance soil fertility and water retention capacity.
(2) Heavy application of jointing fertilizer (dressing fertilizer) Seeing the seedlings to apply fertilizer, wheat is more tiller, the seedlings are good, the growth is strong, should be applied late, wheat is less tiller, the seedlings are not good, the growth is weak, should be applied early.
(3), light application of the ear fertilizer, it is not appropriate to apply fertilizer to the wheat field with sufficient water and fertilizer and tendency to fall. The seedlings grow well, but the application of less or no panicle fertilizer, water and fertilizer deficiency, wheat with premature aging tendency should be applied to the panicle fertilizer, and the panicle fertilizer can be applied to quickly supplement the nutrients, increase the grain weight, and strengthen the stalks.
(4), foliar topdressing in the end of May each year is a dry hot wind multi-season season, with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar spray 1-2 times, interval 5-7 days, can effectively prevent dry heat hazards.
2. Fertilization amount of wheat
The amount of nutrients absorbed per 100 kg of wheat grain is determined by factors such as soil, climate (rain, temperature, light) and yield. The statistics of the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences are: N 3.0 kg/100kg grain; P 0.40-0.65kg/100kg grain; K 1.7-3.3kg/100kg grain.
Determination of the amount of wheat fertilized
Most of the nutrients absorbed by wheat come from fertilizers that are applied in the season, but a considerable part of the nutrients are provided by the soil. In addition, the fertilizer applied in the season is not 100% absorbed by plants, and some or most of them are adsorbed, fixed, or lost in various forms, so the fertilizer has a problem of utilization. Therefore, it is necessary to do scientific and rational fertilization.
N, P, and K are indispensable three elements. Wheat absorbs various nutrients differently during each growth and development period. Generally speaking, from the jointing to the flowering stage, the peak period of nutrients absorbed by wheat during the whole period, the nutrient content absorbed at this stage accounts for more than 50% of the nutrient absorption in the whole growth period, especially the absorption of phosphorus and potassium.
Winter wheat has a long wintering period. Although it grows slowly during this period, it plays an important role in the absorption of nutrients, especially the absorption of N. The supply of nutrients at this stage is good and helps to increase the number of effective tillers and total panicles before winter. However, the supply of nutrients is too much, especially the excessive supply of N, which will cause the seedlings to be too strong before winter, and it is prone to freezing damage, causing a reduction in production. The whole growth period of spring wheat is short, and there is a need for adequate and quick-acting nutrient supply throughout the growing season.
Source: Agricultural net fertilizer
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