Top 10 Technical Review Points for Fire Protection Design

01

1 , according to the nature of the use of the building, fire risk, evacuation and difficulty of extinguishing, building height, the number of layers of buildings, single-storey building area and other elements, review the classification of buildings and design basis is accurate.

( 1 ) The accuracy of the fire hazard category of an industrial building is examined based on the nature and quantity of the substance used or produced in the production, or the nature of the stored article and the quantity of combustibles.

(2) based on the use of function, building height, building layers, a single layer construction area of civil review of the classification is accurate.

( 3 ) Whether it meets the fire protection requirements of other special fire protection codes and professional design codes.

02

1 , review the building fire rating to determine whether it is accurate, whether it meets the specification requirements.

( 1 ) According to the classification of the building, whether the fire-resistant rating of the building meets the requirements of the specification is examined. The matching relationship between plane layouts and building fire resistance grades in special places in civil buildings such as nurseries, kindergartens, and hospitals.

( 2 ) Whether to meet the fire protection requirements of other special fire protection codes and professional design codes.

2. Examine whether the fire resistance and combustion performance of the building components meet the specification requirements.

( 1 ) Whether the fire resistance and combustion performance of the building components meet the requirements of the building fire resistance class.

( 2 ) When the building components of the building adopt wood structure and steel structure, check whether the fire prevention measures used match the fire resistance rating of the building and whether it meets the requirements of the code.

( 3 ) Whether the selection of architectural structures and accessories and the selection of fire-retardant coatings, fire-resistant glass and other building materials comply with the relevant material (product) technical standards.

03

1. Check whether the project site selection meets the requirements of urban and rural planning and urban and rural fire protection planning.

2. Whether the construction project red line is consistent with the approval of the Planning Bureau. Check whether the fire separation meets the specification requirements.

( 1 ) According to the type of construction, it is checked whether the fire prevention distance meets the requirements of the code. When the distance between fires is insufficient, it is checked whether the requirements of other regulations in the regulations are met. At the same time, it should examine whether there are flammable and explosive places near civil buildings.

( 2 ) Between different types of buildings, between the two wings of a U -shaped or a mountain-type building, whether the fire-proof spacing between the buildings arranged in groups meets the requirements of the code.

( 3 ) Whether refueling refueling stations, petrochemical enterprises, oil and gas projects, oil depots and other construction projects and the surrounding residential areas, neighboring factories, mines, and facilities, as well as the internal construction, structures, and facilities of the construction project, meet the regulatory requirements.

04 Plane layout and fire partition

1 , according to the type of building to review whether the building layout meets the requirements of the specification.

In the building, whether diesel generator room, boiler room, song and dance entertainment and exhibition venues, children's houses in nurseries, kindergartens, places for the elderly, and children's activity venues, etc., are in conformity with the standard requirements.

2. Examine whether the allowable building floor number and the area of ​​the fire prevention partition comply with the specification requirements.

( 1 ) Note that according to the fire hazard rating and fire resistance limit, it is determined whether the maximum allowable building layer and the corresponding fireproof partition area of ​​the industrial building comply with the specification requirements.

( 2 ) When there are functional areas such as auditoriums, movie theaters, garages, shopping malls, exhibition halls, restaurants, and banquet halls in hotel buildings and civil buildings, do the fire protection partitions meet the special requirements of the fire protection technology standards; Meet the specification requirements.

( 3 ) Whether or not to use fire separation measures in compliance with the regulations when setting up openings in the building such as escalators, atriums, open stairs, or open stairwells.

3. Examine whether the layout of the fire control room and fire pump room complies with the specification requirements.

4. Examine whether hospitals, schools, retirement buildings, garages, garages, railway passenger stations, libraries, hotels, museums, cinemas, etc. meet the fire protection requirements of other specialized fire protection codes and professional design specifications.

05

1. Examine whether the number, location and width of safety exits on each floor or each fire prevention zone meet the requirements of the code.

( 1 ) When there is no more than two safety exits on each fire partition and on different floors of the same fire partition, and when only one safety exit is set, whether or not the conditions for setting up a safe exit are met in accordance with the regulations.

( 2 ) The basis for determining the number of evacuees is accurate and reliable. The minimum evacuation net width of safety exits shall meet the requirements of other architectural design standards in addition to meeting fire design standards .

( 3 ) Whether the net width of safety exits and evacuation doors matches the net width of evacuation aisles and evacuation stairs.

( 4 ) Is there a special place in the building requiring independent or separate safety exits?

2. Examine whether the settings of evacuation stairs and evacuation doors meet the requirements of the code.

( 1 ) Whether the setting form, quantity, position and width of the evacuation stairs meet the specification requirements.

( 2 ) Whether the evacuation staircase's anti-exhaust fume conditions meet the requirements of the code; the flammability and fire resistance of the evacuation staircase's enclosure structure are in compliance with the requirements and shall not be replaced by fire shutters; whether the area of ​​the front chamber of the anti-tofuge staircase meets the specification requirements.

( 3 ) The evacuation stairs shall be separated on the ground and underground parts of the building. The evacuation floor shall be dislocated or disconnected. The other floors shall be in the same position above and below.

3. Whether the number, width and opening direction of evacuation doors meet the requirements of the code. Examine whether the evacuation distance and the width of the evacuation walkway meet the specification requirements. Examine whether the settings for the evacuation aisle, the refuge floor and the shelter are in compliance with the specification requirements.

(1) based on the use of the building function, building height to review whether the building you need to set refuge floor (room).

( 2 ) Whether the floor and plane layout of the refuge floor (between rooms) meet the requirements of the code. Refuge layer (between) fire prevention, smoke prevention and other fire facilities, effective evacuation area meets the specification requirements.

Elevators and staircases fire setting (3) refuge layer (interlayer) meets the requirements specification.

06

1, fireproof structure review firewall, fire wall, fire and other building components cornice of whether compliance with regulatory requirements.

( 1 ) Whether the fire wall, fire wall, fire provocation site, form, fire endurance and combustion performance meet the specification requirements.

Fire separation case when (2) special parts of the building has a kitchen, equipment room, children's activities, theaters and other compliance with regulatory requirements.

( 3 ) Whether the special building structures in the cold storage room, warehouse and workshop with different fire hazard categories are in compliance with the requirements of the code.

( 4 ) Whether the fire separation is complete and effective, and whether the fire resistance of the firewalls, fire doors, windows, fire curtains, fire water curtains, fire-resistant glass, etc., and fire protection products adopted by the fire prevention partition comply with the relevant materials (products) standard requirement.

( 5 ) Whether firewalls and fireproof partition walls have doors, windows, and openings are replaced by fireproof separation measures that meet the requirements of the code.

( 6 ) The installation of combustible gases and A, B, and C fluids is strictly prohibited through the firewall. There should be no exhaust path inside the firewall.

2. Examine whether the fireproof structures of shafts, such as elevator shafts, pipeline wells, cable wells, exhaust channels, exhaust passages, garbage roads, etc. , meet the regulatory requirements.

( 1 ) Whether the vertical wells such as elevator shafts, pipeline wells, cable wells, exhaust passages, exhaust passages, garbage roads, etc. are independently installed, and whether the installation of well walls, inspection doors, and exhaust outlets meet the specifications.

( 2 ) Whether the fireproof plugging at each floor of the cable well and the pipeline well and at the junction with the walkway and other rooms complies with the specification requirements.

3. Examine whether the fire protection structure of the roof, stuffy ceiling and building gap meets the specification requirements.

( 1 ) Whether the burning performance and fire resistance of the roof and stuffy material meet the requirements of the specification.

( 2 ) Whether the fire separation and entrance settings in the bulkhead meet the specification requirements. Whether the deformation seam construction base material combustion performance meets the specification requirements, whether the cable, combustible gas pipeline and A, B, and C liquid pipelines pass through the deformation joint to take measures according to the specification.

4. Examine whether the external walls and roof insulation and the fire protection structure of the curtain wall meet the requirements of the code.

( 1 ) Whether the combustion performance of the external insulation material meets the specification requirements. The fire protection measures shall be taken when the electrical circuit passes through or is laid on B1 or B2 insulation materials.

( 2 ) When B1 and B2 insulation materials are used, whether the protective layer design meets the specification requirements.

( 3 ) Whether the atrium and other forms of upper and lower communicating openings and the horizontal and vertical fire separation measures on the glass screen meet the specifications.

5. Examine whether the exterior decoration of the building and the setting of outdoor billboards meet the requirements of the code. Review whether the fire protection structures of flyovers, trestle bridges, and trenches meet the specifications.

07

1 , fire lane

( 1 ) According to the nature, height, length of street, and scale of the building, it is checked whether the fire lane, fire truck working site, and the ascending surface meet the requirements of the code.

( 2 ) The form of the fire lane (circular lane is arranged along the long side, whether it is necessary to set the lane through the building), width, slope, bearing capacity, turning radius, return yard, clearance height.

( 3 ) Care should be taken to distinguish between the different requirements of fire lanes and fire truck operation sites;

( 4 ) Whether it is necessary to set the climbing surface of the fire truck, whether there are podiums, trees, overhead lines, etc. that affect the climbing on the ascending surface of the fire truck. Whether the exit of the stairs is set on the first floor, whether the window is set on the facade, etc.; fire lanes and fire truck climbing grounds When it is set outside the red line, it should be able to obtain the consent of the ownership unit to ensure normal use.

2. Rescue site and entrance

( 1 ) According to the height, scale, nature of use and importance of the building, it is checked whether the building is equipped with extinguishing sites.

( 2 ) The location of the fire truck climbing operation site. The focus will be on reviewing the length, width and slope of the ascending site. Whether or not the location, size, and identification of the fire rescue ports on each floor of the fire trucks are in compliance with the fire safety technical standards.

( 3 ) Whether the external wall within the rescue site is equipped with an entrance for firefighting and rescue, whether the size and position of the opening meet the requirements, and whether the mark is obvious.

3 , fire elevator

( 1 ) According to the nature of the building, the height and the building area of ​​the floor or the fire partition, check whether the building needs to set up a fire elevator.

( 2 ) The location and number of fire extinguishing elevators, the service area of ​​each elevator, the area of ​​the front and front rooms of fire extinguishing elevators, and the technical requirements for the operation of fire extinguishing elevators, such as waterproof performance, drainage, power supply, and fire resistance of shaft walls of elevators. Whether the fire protection structure, communication equipment, and car interior decoration materials meet the fire technical standards.

( 3 ) When using a freight elevator or passenger elevator in a building as a fire elevator, the measures taken shall meet the operational requirements of the fire elevator.

08 firefighting facilities

1 , fire water source

( 1 ) Comprehensively review the design of firefighting water supply according to the purpose of the building and its importance, fire risk, fire characteristics and environmental conditions.

( 2 ) The form of fire water, the determination of the total fire water consumption. The total amount of firefighting water used in a building shall be determined based on the sum of indoor and outdoor firefighting water consumption.

( 3 ) When using natural water sources, the amount of natural water sources, water quality, the height of the fire truck's water intake, and whether the water intake facilities meet the fire technical standards should be reviewed.

( 4 ) If water is supplied by the municipal water supply network, the number of water supply pipes, water supply pipe diameters and water supply capacity of the municipal water supply network shall be reviewed.

( 5 ) When setting up fire-fighting pools, the location of the fire-fighting pools, capacity, water intake, and height of water intake shall be reviewed to meet the requirements of the code.

( 6 ) When setting up a fire water tank, it shall be examined whether the installation location, capacity, water refilling measures, water level indication, etc. of the fire water tank comply with the specification requirements.

2. Outdoor fire hydrant system

( 1 ) Comprehensively examine whether the design of the outdoor fire hydrant system complies with the fire safety technical standards according to the use and importance of the building, fire risk, fire characteristics and environmental conditions.

( 2 ) According to the construction duration of the fire, it is checked whether the outdoor hydrant water consumption meets the fire technical standards.

( 3 ) Whether the design of the outdoor fire-fighting water supply network complies with the fire-fighting technical standards. The design of the number of inlet pipes, the connection method, the pipe diameter calculation, and the selection of pipe materials are mainly examined.

( 4 ) Whether the design of the outdoor fire-fighting water supply pipeline complies with the fire-fighting technical standards. The design of water pressure calculations, valve settings, piping layouts, etc. will be reviewed with emphasis.

( 5 ) Whether the design of the outdoor fire hydrant meets the fire technical standards. The number, arrangement, spacing, and protection radius of outdoor fire hydrants are critically reviewed. Underground fire hydrants should be marked clearly.

3 , indoor fire hydrant system

( 1 ) Comprehensively review whether the installation of the indoor fire hydrant system and the fire hose reel meets the fire protection technical standards according to the purpose of the building and its importance, fire risk, fire characteristics and environmental conditions.

( 2 ) According to the construction duration of the fire, it is checked whether the indoor hydrant water consumption meets the fire technical standards.

( 3 ) Whether the design of the indoor fire-fighting water supply network complies with the fire-fighting technical standards. Emphasis shall be placed on reviewing the number of introduction pipes, pipe diameters and material selection, the layout of pipe networks and vertical pipes (rings, branches), the spacing and diameter of standpipes, the requirements for setting and opening and closing of valves, and the design of pump adapters. .

( 4 ) Whether the design of the indoor fire hydrant meets the fire technical standards. The design of the indoor fire hydrants' layout, protection radius, and spacing calculations will be reviewed with emphasis.

( 5 ) Whether the hydraulic calculation meets the fire technical standards. Focus on reviewing system design flow, water pressure needed for hydrant bolting, calculation of enriched water column, hydraulic calculation of pipe network (head loss along the way, local head loss, determination of the most unfavorable point, determination of flow rate and flow rate), calculation of fire tank height setting, fire pump Head calculation, remaining water pressure calculation, decompression orifice calculation and pressure reducing valve selection (decompression orifice aperture calculation, decompression orifice head loss calculation, pressure reducing valve selection).

4. The number and location of the pump adapters meet the specifications.

( 1 ) According to the use of the building and its importance, fire risk, fire characteristics and environmental conditions and other factors, whether the installation and selection of automatic sprinkler systems meet the fire technical standards.

( 2 ) The basic design parameters of the system. Mainly based on the fire hazard level, clearance height and other factors of the system installation site, the water spray intensity, the area of ​​action, the maximum distance between the nozzles, the working pressure of the nozzle, and the continuous spraying time were reviewed.

( 3 ) Selection and arrangement of system components. The water supply line and provided critical review and selection of nozzle arrangement, alarm valve, flow meters, pressure switches, end water device selection and the like are arranged, and the number of pump adapter position is set with the specification

( 4 ) System hydraulic calculation, water supply facilities, decompression measures, and operation and control of the system.

5 , gas fire extinguishing system

( 1 ) According to the nature of the use of the building, the location and type of the scale system review system are in compliance with the fire technical standards.

( 2 ) The establishment and division of the system protection area; the number of protection areas, the limitation of the protection volume, the fire-resistance limit of the envelope structure and doors and windows, the allowable pressure of the envelope structure subjected to the internal pressure, and the pressure relief facilities shall be examined.

( 3 ) Whether the design of the system meets the fire technical standards, including fire extinguishing design, fire extinguishing design concentration, design concentration, fire extinguishing design density, design discharge time, and nozzle working pressure.

( 4 ) The operation and control requirements of the system, including the system's power supply, air supply, etc., start-up mode of the pipe network fire extinguishing system, and the explicit start of delay injection or delay injection.

( 5 ) The safety requirements of the system include the safety requirements for evacuation of the protected area, ventilation, prefabricated fire extinguishing pressure, human extinguishing design concentration or actual concentration, and safety requirements for the storage room and pipe network.

6 , fire alarm system

( 1 ) According to factors such as the nature of the construction, fire risk, evacuation and difficulty of extinguishing the fire, etc., the classification of protection objects of the system, the location of the installation, the selection of the system form, the division of the fire reporting area and the detection area are reviewed.

( 2 ) According to the specific conditions of the project, it is reviewed whether the selection and arrangement of the fire alarm controller complies with the requirements of the fire control standards. The main review is the fire alarm controller capacity and the total number of address codes contained in each bus loop.

( 3 ) Whether the design of fire detectors, fire manual alarm buttons, fire emergency broadcasting, fire alarm devices, fire-fighting special telephones, and system grounding meet the fire control standards.

( 4 ) The wiring design of the system focuses on the selection of the system conductors and the laying of the system transmission lines. The reliability of the system is examined, and whether the system's grounding design meets the fire safety standards.

( 5 ) Review the design of the fire-fighting linkage control system according to the different nature and functions of the buildings. Focus on the review system for automatic sprinkler systems, indoor fire hydrant systems, gas fire extinguishing systems, foam and dry powder fire extinguishing systems, smoke control systems, air conditioning and ventilation systems, fire emergency radio, lift-down devices, fire doors and shutter systems, and fire protection Emergency lighting systems, fire communications systems and other fire fighting equipment linkage control design.

09

1 , smoke prevention facilities

( 1 ) Setting area. You need to set up within the examine whether parts of the building smoke facilities comply with regulatory requirements.

( 2 ) Setting form. Review smoke control system provided for a portion specifications and form smoke meets mechanical selection.

( 3 ) Natural ventilation. Check whether the area and opening method of the natural ventilation openings, such as stairwells, smoke prevention antechambers, pre-combination rooms, fire elevator front rooms, evacuation aisles, and atriums, are in line with the requirements of the code; if the refuge layer adopts natural ventilation, is there two different types? The outward facing windows or shutters, and whether each facing window area meets the natural ventilation window area requirements.

( 4 ) Mechanical smoke protection.

( 5 ) Whether the selection and installation position of the blower meets the requirements of the specification, a special place should be provided with a visually continuous light evacuation indicator or a light storage evacuation indicator.

2 , lighting requirements

It shall meet the requirements of the "Fire Safety Sign" and "Fire Emergency Lighting and Evacuation Indication System".

10

1. Check the design instructions and related drawings to clarify the construction type, decoration scope and decoration area of ​​the renovation project . The scope of renovation should be clear on where the floor is located, and if it is not the entire floor decoration, the axis of the local renovation scope must be clearly defined.

2. Examine whether the function of the renovation project is consistent with the approved building function

To. If the function of the renovation project is inconsistent with the original design, it is necessary to determine whether the nature of the entire building has changed, and whether it is necessary to re-submit the civil construction adjustment.

3. Examine whether the layout of the renovation project meets the specification requirements.