When farmers use pesticides to control pests and diseases , they often have poor control effects . In the case of unexplained reasons and lack of proper guidance, they often increase the amount of drug used, the concentration of use, the frequency of application and repeated use of drugs, and even the use of highly toxic pesticides and other banned pesticides, in order to achieve better control results. This not only increases the user's medication costs and labor costs, but also puts pressure on our food safety, environmental protection and sustainable agriculture.
The author specially sorted out and summarized the 10 reasons leading to poor control effect, in order to discuss, research and seek more reasonable ways and means to improve the effect of pesticide control and pesticide utilization.
1, the application of drugs behind
At present, the domestic spray equipment is mainly based on the piggyback and stretcher type, and the drug supply system is simple and backward. The phenomenon of “running and leaking drip†can be seen everywhere, and often causes uneven atomization effect and poor spray quality. . In addition, the commonly used high-volume method is easy to cause large and uneven droplets, easy to lose large droplets, easy to drift and volatilize small droplets, and poor adhesion, resulting in low pesticide utilization.
2, the spray technology is not in place
The occurrence, damage and development of pests and diseases will have a major hazard or target on the crop. For contact-killing pesticides, if the target cannot be accurately sprayed, it is difficult to have a good control effect; for the systemic pesticide, if the droplets are not evenly distributed on the target, there will be no good systemic effect. The effect will be greatly reduced. For example, it is best to prevent the red spider from being sprayed evenly on the back of the blade (contact) or the front of the blade (inward suction); the control of corn borer should be applied to the heart; the control of planthopper and sheath blight need to be directed to the lower part of the plant. Medicine; prevention of vertical leaf roller, leaf rice blast, bacterial blight need to pay attention to the upper leaf spray.
3, improper application of liquid amount
The amount of application liquid refers to the amount of liquid sprayed on the farmland per unit area. At present, the conventional spray in China is mainly composed of high-capacity method and medium-volume method. The water consumption is large and can be evenly moistened. However, the liquid medicine actually held in the target part or the surface of the crop is less, and the liquid is wasted and lost seriously. Modern agriculture requires modern plant protection concepts. We also need to choose the right amount of water according to local conditions. If necessary, we need to add suitable spray additives (such as silicones, mineral oils, vegetable oils), spray equipment (sprinklers), pesticides. The formulation is matched and used to increase the retention of the drug solution on the target site or the surface of the crop, thereby promoting the stable effect of the drug effect.
4, improper use of drugs
Typically, two or more different ways and mechanisms of action of agents mixed, not only can improve pest and weed control effect rid of effects, to avoid or delay the resistant pests while saving the user the time and cost Labor costs. However, the mixed use of pesticides must understand the nature, function and prevention of various types of pesticides, scientifically and rationally compound and mix, and can not be mixed and used, otherwise it may not achieve the purpose of prevention and control, and may even have serious adverse consequences. For example, when an acidic pesticide is mixed with an alkaline pesticide, it is easy to change the physical properties of the pesticide, cause an acid-base reaction, cause degradation of the pesticide, and even cause phytotoxicity. In addition, when the pesticide preparations are mixed, it is necessary to pay attention to the mixed method (such as the mother liquor method or the secondary dilution method), the mixing order, and use the clean water as much as possible.
5, the influence of the drug itself
The chemical composition, physicochemical properties, dosage form, mechanism of action, dosage and processing properties of pesticides directly or indirectly affect the efficacy of the drug; there are differences between different dosage forms of the same ingredients, and the production capacity and production capacity of each company are high or low. Different, the difference in efficacy is also great. In recent years, the rise of precision spray equipment such as hot fog machines, drones, and electrostatic sprayers has placed higher demands on the use of pesticide formulations.
6, the target resistance increased
In recent years, the resistance of Cordyceps militaris has been increasing, which puts more precise requirements on the amount of pesticides used and the concentration of pesticides. The use of pesticides or the concentration of used pesticides is prone to phytotoxicity and more residues, pesticide use or concentration. Too small but not reasonable control effect. For example, the important pests and diseases of frequent medications often increase their resistance to several times, dozens of times, or even hundreds of times, which will bring many difficulties and challenges to plant protection work. Therefore, when the target resistance increases, how to match the appropriate pesticide dosage is also a realistic plant protection technical problem.
7, improper timing of prevention
For plant protection and prevention, it is important to grasp and grasp the best prevention timing of the target. Even if the same pests and diseases are affected, the response to the same pesticide is different due to different developmental stages. Missing the best time to control, it is difficult to have good control with more. Therefore, only by fully understanding the occurrence, harm and development of pests and diseases, in the most appropriate time, targeted and accurate medication, in order to ensure good control results. For example, some weeds are easier to control before the 3 leaf stage, and some weeds have better control effect during the vigorous growth period; the control of rice aphid pests must be carried out at the peak of hatching of eggs; it is best to control pests such as cabbage butterflies and leaf moths. Spray control in the morning; control lepidopteran and other moths, preferably sprayed in the evening.
8, no symptomatic prevention
Different pests and diseases require different pesticides for prevention and treatment. If there is any error in the diagnosis of pests and diseases, symptomatic prevention and treatment will become empty talk. In practice, the situation of disease confusion, pest confusion, disease-causing, insect-killing, and grass-killing is not uncommon. For example, Fusarium wilt is confused with Verticillium wilt; leaf mold is confused with gray mold disease; early fruit deciduous disease, cotton red leaf dead disease is misdiagnosed as red spider pest; tomato bacterial wilt causes dead seedling, misdiagnosed as root rot or underground pest The bite of the root causes dead seedlings; the damage of the weeds in the soybean field is mistaken as root knot nematode disease.
9. Water quality impact
Water has hard water and soft water. Hard water contains more minerals and is alkaline. For example, well water, mine water, spring water, etc., the effect of diluting pesticides is poor, and it will reduce or decompose the active ingredients of acidic pesticides. Soft water contains less minerals and is more neutral. For example, pond water, river water and stream water have better effects on diluting pesticides. However, if the water quality is turbid, it will also affect the efficacy of the drug.
10. Environmental factors
Temperature, humidity, rain, light, wind, soil properties, etc., different environmental factors directly affect the performance of pesticides and the actual control effect. For example, herbicides such as pendimethalin and acetochlor have poor herbicidal effect during drought, good herbicidal effect under suitable soil moisture conditions; phoxim is easy to see photolysis; temperature is best in the range of 20 °C-30 °C The temperature is below 8 °C, even if it is a herbicide, it is difficult to exert normal efficacy; when the temperature exceeds 35 °C, the mist droplets are easy to evaporate and volatilize, and it is easy to cause phytotoxicity and poisoning accidents; spraying pesticides on rainy days The medicament is easily lost by the rain, which leads to the reduction or even ineffectiveness of the drug; when the wind is strong, the droplets are easily drifted and lost. Therefore, in the process of pesticide application, it is necessary to make full use of all favorable factors and control the unfavorable factors to achieve the best control effect.
More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
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