In the past decade, with the wide application of smart flexible wearable devices in medical health monitoring, human-machine integration, artificial intelligence and other fields, flexible electronic technology has rapidly developed in the direction of intelligence, integration and multi-function. Although flexible electronic devices have made important progress in reducing power consumption, energy supply and consumption are still the most critical limiting factors in the development of flexible electronics. Research and development of autonomously powered flexible sensors based on new energy efficient collection have become important in flexible smart electronics research direction.
As we all know, more than 70% of the earth's surface is covered by natural water, which is one of the most abundant resources. No matter how the geographical location or environmental conditions change, natural water can flow and evaporate spontaneously by absorbing thermal energy. The energy conversion effect of generating electricity through the direct interaction of nanostructures with the flow, fluctuation, dripping and evaporation of water is called the hydrovoltaic effect. This effect provides a solution to the sustainable energy supply of flexible sensing systems. New ideas. However, how to achieve stable power generation and high output power under deformed conditions, and to achieve lightweight and flexible wearable sensing microsystems still faces many challenges.
In response to the above challenges, the team of Zhang Shun of the Institute of Nanotechnology and Nanobionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has prepared a hydroelectric generator with excellent portability, flexibility, and stability as a flexible electronic device through water source morphology and device structure design. The energy supply platform has built a flexible wearable self-energy sensing system. By using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to bind the functionalized carbon nanoparticles (FCB) to the three-dimensional sponge skeleton (3DS), and further co-assemble the obtained PVA @ FCB @ 3DS film with a solid superabsorbent hydrogel, HPG was constructed. Based on the constructed PVA @ FCB @ 3DS film with overlapping electric double layer (EDL) nanochannels, HPG can use the spontaneous evaporation of water to continuously convert the surrounding heat into electrical energy without any external energy supply, its Voc and Isc Reached 0.658 V and 63 μA respectively. In addition, the flexible HPG can maintain stable power generation performance under a wide range of bending strain. The flexible portable water evaporation-driven HPG breaks through the constraints of the fixed water tank of the previous hydroelectric generator, and can be used as a flexible power supply platform for flexible wearable electronic equipment for the energy supply of the device, promoting the device form and technology of hydroelectric power generation technology. Progress in the field of application.
The above related results were published on Nano Energy (DOI: 10.1016 / j.nanoen.2020.104663). The first author of the paper is Li Lianhui, a Ph.D. student of the Institute of Nanometers in Suzhou, and the corresponding author is researcher Zhang Jun.
(A) Schematic diagram of the structure of a hydro-generator. (B) Typical optical photos of superabsorbent hydrogels in the water-absorbing state; (c) High resolution O1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of FCBs; (d) Typical HR-TEM images of PVA @ FCB; (e ) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of PVA @ FCB @ 3DS film; (f) High resolution SEM image of PVA @ FCB layer; (g) Cross-sectional SEM image of PVA @ FCB @ 3DS film; (h) Rubbing FCB Typical optical photos of @ 3DS film and PVA @ FCB @ 3DS film process and after.
(A) VOC curve of the device with ambient temperature; (b) VOC varies with airflow velocity at ~ 19.8 oC and ~ 55% RH environmental conditions; (c) VOC varies with a stable ambient temperature of 25.0 oC Changes in ambient humidity; (d) Circuit diagram of the output performance test system; (e) Changes in generator output performance with external load resistance; (f) HPG output power changes with external load resistance.
(A) Measured Voc of all-solid-state hydroelectric power generation nano-generators in different bending states; (bc) Photographs of VG of HPG in the released state and 60o bending state; (d) Self-powered flexibility based on portable hydro-generators Photograph of the sensing system; (e) the curve of the current of the self-powered sensing system with the bending angle of the system; (f) the real-time current curve of the self-powered sensing system for elbow monitoring.
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