Currently, soybean planting in the Northeast is about to begin. According to the climatic characteristics and planting structure adjustment, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Soybean Experts Steering Group, together with the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, proposed the guidance for spring sowing technology in Northeast China in 2018.
Optimize the layout to promote balanced development of grain and beans
Arrange the crop layout reasonably and optimize the planting structure. In areas with low accumulated temperature in the north, vigorously promote soybean and corn, wheat, and potato rotation in the next year; in the southern corn suitable planting area, implement two-year corn and one-year soybean rotation, play the role of soybean cultivation, reduce fertilizer input, and promote Sustainable agricultural development.
Scientific selection, seed treatment
Considering the factors such as the local accumulated temperature zone and the heat conditions required by the variety, scientifically selecting soybean varieties and prohibiting planting in the cross-region. Choose high-quality, high-yield, stress-resistant varieties, and do a good job of seed dressing or seed coating to improve the emergence rate of soybeans and nitrogen fixation capacity. Re-admitted to the plot to pay attention to the prevention and control of rodents after emergence.
Drought resistance and flood control improve seeding quality
Generally, when the temperature of the plough layer is stable and passed through 5 ° C, it can be sown. In areas with insufficient soil moisture, try to reduce the amount of soil before planting, avoid premature evaporation of water, seize the favorable opportunity for the temperature rise, and use the early spring “returning water†to rush to sow; without the autumn lands, you can take the original ridge card species, autumn After turning the un-ridged plot, take the ridge or flatten the narrow row. In areas with poor soil moisture, it is necessary to deepen the ditch, shallowly cover the soil, and suppress the pressure. In areas with excessive soil moisture, the focus should be on improving ground temperature, ditching drainage, and tilling and digging, ensuring timely sowing and improving seeding quality.
Reasonable fertilization, strive to reduce production, increase production and increase efficiency
Advocate straw returning to the field, apply more farmyard manure, increase potassium fertilizer, and properly supplement magnesium fertilizer. When the fertilizer is used as a seed fertilizer, it should be applied to the plant 5 cm deep. According to different production targets, the amount of fertilizer is reasonably determined. The production target is 250 kg of field, 2.7-4 kg of pure nitrogen, 2.3-5 kg ​​of phosphorus pentoxide, 2.3-5 kg ​​of potassium oxide; the field of 200 kg of yield, 2.3-3.7 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, Phosphorus pentoxide 1.5-4.3 kg, potassium oxide 1.5-4 kg; yield target 150 kg of field, 3 kg of pure nitrogen, 3.7 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 3.3 kg of potassium oxide.
Scientific use of drugs to improve weeding and insect control
According to the occurrence of local pests and diseases, targeted selection of high-efficiency and low-toxic pesticides or biological pesticides for prevention and control. In areas where pests and diseases are serious, timely spray operation is required. The operating environment temperature is below 28 °C, the relative humidity of the air is above 65%, and the wind speed is below level 3. During the operation, heavy spray and leakage should be avoided to prevent phytotoxicity. Spraying the post-emergence herbicide should be carried out before 10 am or after 4 pm. In order to facilitate the rotation of the crops, long-lasting herbicides such as imazethapyr, chlorsulfuron-methyl, flufenazone, broad-leaf clear, and dysentery should be eliminated. (Agricultural and Rural Ministry of Soybean Experts Guidance Group National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center)
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