The phytotoxicity is light and heavy, and there are urgency and slowness. The symptoms are summarized as follows:
Spot
This phytotoxicity is mainly manifested on the leaves, with yellow spots, brown spots, dead spots and the like.
The phytotoxic lesions are usually irregularly distributed on the plants, and the incidence is different. The size and shape of the spots vary greatly and are inconsistent.
2. Yellowing
Yellowing can occur in the stems and leaves of plants, and more yellowing occurs in the leaves. Mainly because pesticides hinder the normal photosynthesis of chlorophyll.
When it occurs mildly, it shows yellowing of the leaves, and when it occurs severely, it shows yellowing of the whole plant. Finally, the yellow leaves turn into dead leaves, and the performance is often closely related to the weather conditions. More sunny days, yellowing is faster, more rainy days, yellowing is slower.
It should be distinguished from yellowing caused by deficiency and disease.
3. Malformation
This phytotoxicity can occur in various organs of plants. Common malformations include leaf rolling, clumping, root swelling, deformed ear, and deformed fruit.
For example, when wheat germs are harmed by metformin, the base of the bud sheath and the base of the radicle are swollen.
When the cotton seedlings suffer from herbicide ether damage, the growth point is atrophied, and the cotton leaves are lobed-like deformities.
Withered
There is no disease center, and most of the process is slow, first yellowing, post-dead strain, no browning of the rhizome transport tissue.
This phytotoxicity is generally manifested throughout the plant, mainly by herbicides.
For example, watermelon seedlings are affected by green melamine, yellow leaves of the young leaves, dead leaves of the leaves, and atrophy of the plants.
Beans spray high concentrations of insecticides such as dead coke, wilting, dead seedlings and other phytotoxicity.
â–¼ Corn is yellowed and withered by herbicides.
â–¼The rice seedlings were accidentally sprayed with grass cover, and the whole plant will wither and die.
5. Growth is inhibited
The inhibition of growth caused by phytotoxicity is often accompanied by symptoms of plaques or other phytotoxicity. It is mainly caused by growth inhibitors and improper application of herbicides.
If the amount of chlormequat is too large, the growth of the crop will be stagnant.
The use of green mellon in rapeseed is not good, showing slow growth, reduced branching, and a certain impact on yield.
6. shedding
It often occurs on fruit trees and other dicots, with falling flowers, fallen leaves, and falling fruits.
For example, the application of acesulfame in peach trees and the application of omethoate at flowering stage cause defoliation, or defoliation occurs due to the influence of copper preparations.
Application of methamidophos to pear trees causes flowering.
Improper application of ethephon in hawthorn causes fruit drop and defoliation.
7. Inferior fruit
Only the symptoms, no symptoms, in addition to inferior fruit, also showed other symptoms of phytotoxicity.
The phytotoxicity of the fruit sometimes manifests itself as an abnormal fruit surface and a deterioration in quality. If the watermelon is harmed by ethephon, the melon is dark red and has an odor.
Second, prevention measures
1. Remedial measures to be taken after phytotoxicity:
Check the growth and development of the crop within one week after the application, especially the field where the herbicide and plant growth regulator are applied, and the field head inspection is needed.
2. First-aid measures to reduce phytotoxicity are as follows:
(1) Fertilization remedy.
For the phytotoxicity of the symptoms such as leaf spot, leaf edge coke and plant yellowing, the application of fertilizer can reduce the degree of phytotoxicity. If the wheat seedlings appear to be medicinal to the green merlon, the human excrement can be applied, and the urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied.
(2) Remediation of irrigation and drainage.
For some phytotoxicity caused by herbicides, proper irrigation and drainage can also reduce the degree of phytotoxicity.
(3) Hormone remediation.
For herbicides and plant growth regulators that inhibit or interfere with gibberellin synthesis in plants, such as 2,4-D butyl ester, alachlor, herbicide, granitic, ethephon, etc., spray red after phytotoxicity Mycin can alleviate the degree of phytotoxicity.
More pesticide encyclopedia , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
(Source: Agricultural Resources Guided Pesticide)
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