First, select the drug variety in a targeted manner
Various pathogens, pests and weeds have different body structures, physiological functions and living habits. The same kind of medicament has different effects on different control objects; the same control object also shows different resistance to different medicaments. In addition, the resistance to the agent is also significantly different at different developmental stages of the same pathogen, pest, and weed. Therefore, it is necessary to select suitable pesticide varieties according to different control objects and crops. When selecting pesticides, it is necessary to clarify the physiological mechanisms and hazard characteristics of the control objects, and the varieties and cropping period of crops, so as to achieve "the right medicine."
Second, master the best control period
Proper medication is the key to improving the application of pesticides. In order to ensure the control effect and avoid the abuse of pesticides, "two checks and two determinations" should be adopted, that is, for pests, the density of the insects is generally checked, and the target fields are controlled; the progress of pests is checked, and the control period is determined. For the disease, it is usually to check the incidence rate, and to control the target field; to check the degree of the disease, and to determine the appropriate period of prevention and treatment.
Third, determine the dilution factor and dosage of pesticides
In the specific operation, it should be carried out according to the instructions for the use of pesticides. It is forbidden to use pesticides without labeling instructions. When the pesticide and water are used in combination, it is necessary to pay attention to the mixing evenly, otherwise it will not only ensure the efficacy, but also cause local phytotoxicity.
Fourth, choose the appropriate method of application
Appropriate application methods must be selected according to the hazard characteristics and distribution of pests and diseases , otherwise it will be difficult to control the hazards of pests and diseases. For the prevention and control of soil-borne bacteria, germinated weed seeds, and underground pests, methods such as treating soil and dredging should be adopted: while controlling pests and diseases on plants, spray or dusting should be used; Transmitted diseases, using pesticide soaking or seed dressing.
5. Reasonable alternating and mixed use of pesticides
Selecting pesticides with different action mechanisms for alternate use, or rational use according to the physical and chemical properties of pesticides, can not only expand the scope of prevention and control, improve the control effect, but also delay the production of pest resistance, but the mixed pesticides should pay attention to: 1. After mixing pesticides If the efficacy is improved or the effects are not affected, they can be mixed. The rapid reduction or failure of the drug after the mixture of pesticides can not be mixed. After a period of mixing, the drug can be reduced with a period of time. 2. The phytotoxicity of the crops after mixing the pesticides cannot be mixed.
6. Choose medication time and improve application conditions
For example, the prevention and control of sunrise pests should be 8-9 in the morning, because the dew is dry and the temperature is not high. It is the time when the sunrise pests feed and the activities are most vigorous. At this time, the medicine will not dilute the medicine because of the dew. If the liquid and temperature are too high, the pesticide will be decomposed, and the efficacy will be reduced, which will help the pests to increase the chance of taking medicine and contact; the night-time pests should be prevented from 5 to 6 pm, because it can avoid glare and high temperature. The pests are about to start moving, and medication is good for killing pests. Another example is the insecticide “phoxim†and the herbicide “fluramineâ€. The light is easily decomposed. It should be stored in a cool place away from light. The application should be carried out in the evening or on cloudy days. After soil treatment, soil should be mixed to extend Pharmacy effect period. When controlling rice aphids and rice planthoppers, there should be a thin layer of water in the field, so that the pests move upward from the roots to increase the chance of pesticide contact; the pesticides falling into the water spread the pesticides from the bottom to the rice plants through the diffusion of rice stems and leaves. In the upper middle part, the insecticidal range is expanded; after the systemic pesticide is absorbed by the roots with water, it can also be transmitted to other parts of the rice plant for insecticide.
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