The electric vehicle power batteries currently in use and under research and development mainly include: fuel cells, solar cells, chemical batteries and super capacitor batteries.
Fuel cell - the ultimate solution for electric car battery
1. Features
The fuel cell is characterized by high efficiency, cleanliness, and compatibility with renewable energy technologies. It works quietly, starts quickly, has a higher specific power, and the output power can be adjusted at any time. Compared with other electric vehicles such as secondary batteries (rechargeable batteries) powered by pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles have the advantages of long driving range and high power performance. The fuels used include pure hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, natural gas, and gasoline. When pure hydrogen is used as fuel, zero emissions can be achieved, fuel replenishment is rapid, does not undergo thermal process, and is not limited by thermal cycle. Therefore, energy conversion efficiency is high, which is 2 to 3 times that of ordinary internal combustion engine.
2. Status and prospects
The initial automotive fuel cell technology was limited to meeting automotive power requirements. Based on commercial expectations, its cost, longevity and hydrogen source issues were gradually being noticed. The use of fuel cells as the driving force of automobiles has been recognized as an inevitable trend in the long run. But in the short term, fuel cell vehicles are difficult to compete with other cars in terms of price. At present, research and development of fuel cells focus on four aspects of electrolyte membranes, electrodes, fuels, and system structures. Accelerating the development of solid oxide fuel cells is inevitably the general trend of energy development in the world. Globally, fuel cell vehicles are still in the stage of commercialization. Solving the three challenges from life, cost and hydrogen source is the key to current R&D innovation.
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