China's tool industry must be reborn

The modern machine tool manufacturing industry is moving in the direction of “high speed, precision, compound, intelligent and environmental protection”, and high-speed and high-efficiency processing plays an important role in it. In developed countries, around high-speed, high-efficiency cutting, not only has invested a lot of energy in technology development, but also made unprecedented progress in application promotion. It can be said that high-speed, high-efficiency processing has become a trend in the development of international manufacturing technology. In contrast, high-efficiency cutting has shown good development in China, but it still has limited application in some industries and enterprises. This hot-cold contrast is very obvious, indicating that China's manufacturing industry has not yet caught up with the current world development trend. This situation, in the context of the growing economic globalization, means that losing competitiveness is very dangerous.
Why is the application of high-efficiency cutting technology in China such a big gap with foreign countries? Many people pointed out that the Chinese tool industry does not have enough capacity to provide advanced and efficient tools to the manufacturing industry, which is an important reason.
First, the satisfaction rate of high-efficiency tools in China is less than 20%
In order to match with advanced processing equipment, the import of modern and efficient cutting tools in China has soared from 80 million US dollars in 2000 to 400 million US dollars in 2004. China's manufacturing industry uses a large number of advanced equipment and high-efficiency knives, indicating that it has taken firm steps toward modern manufacturing technology, which is a very gratifying development trend. It is a pity that China's machine tool industry has not been able to provide strong technical support for this development. In 2004, China's consumer machine tools reached US$9.46 billion, ranking first in the world, but the market share of domestic machine tools was only 37.4%. Although the number of domestically produced gold-cutting machine tools reached a record 389,000 units, including 5,100 CNC machine tools, the number is not small, and the growth is also very fast, but the economic type accounts for 70%, which cannot meet the demand of high-end machine tools in the manufacturing industry. . The tool industry is even worse, with a large production volume but less than 20% satisfaction with efficient tools.
China's machine tool industry cannot provide a strong technical guarantee for the modernization of the manufacturing industry. It is a serious bottleneck in the development of China's manufacturing industry from large to strong. In the long run, it will definitely restrict its progress towards modernization. We must take it seriously and take effective measures to solve this problem.
Second, the reasons for the backward development of the tool industry China's tool industry lags behind the development needs of the manufacturing industry, mainly in the following: the production of standardized and generalized tools for a few decades, can not meet the demand for efficient tools in modern manufacturing. In the early 1980s, the foreign machine tool industry turned resolutely and reborn, achieving a qualitative leap. And China's machine tool industry continues to go its own way, holding the traditional development model, why is that? This touches on a deeper problem: In the first 20 years of reform and opening up, China’s macroeconomic policy orientation is actually tolerating the continued industrialization of the entire manufacturing industry. Therefore, the phenomenon of low levels of repetition is everywhere. In the past 10 years, China's tool industry has gone further and further on the road of wasting resources and low levels of repetition. The low-priced tools represented by twist drills are becoming more and more popular. In 2004, China exported a total of 1.939 billion cutting tools, equivalent to 25 times the annual output of high-speed steel tools in Japan. The average price of each export cutting tool is 0.2 US dollars, which is equivalent to 1/20 of the same high-speed steel cutting tools in Japan. If you do not rely on export tax rebates, even the cost will not be recovered.
Although a considerable number of companies in the tool industry are striving to pursue technological advancement, their products, technologies and services should be kept up to date with the needs of modern manufacturing technology. However, this kind of effort has been seriously disrupted by the extensive operation of the whole industry and the low-price marketing method. As a result, the market share of domestically produced high-efficiency tools has always been low, and there has been no qualitative breakthrough in many years.
In the tool industry, some enterprises that advocate low-level expansion have cited an important reason for China's resource advantages of tool materials. The reserves of tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium are abundant, and consumption is not affected at all. Now, the myth that this resource is inexhaustible has been shattered. At the beginning of this year, ferromolybdenum and vanadium iron have soared from more than 40,000 yuan per ton to more than 400,000 yuan. In turn, the price of high-speed steel has been increased from 30,000 yuan per ton to 90,000 yuan per ton. China is no longer a cheap kingdom of tool raw materials. Excessive resource consumption has already ignited a red light to us.
The real reason for the backward development of China's tool industry and the inability to meet the needs of the manufacturing industry is that there is a problem in the orientation of the macro development strategy. Therefore, there is only one solution to this problem, which is to completely change this extensive development model and take an intensive development path. Without this shift in growth, no local measures can solve the problem fundamentally.
Third, several suggestions: China's tool industry's goal of transforming the growth mode is clear: it is to shift from a standardized tool that has been produced every day for decades to a modern high-efficiency tool with high precision, high efficiency, high reliability and specialization. The development track comes up. It is necessary to shift from a low-level repetitive development model that wastes national resources and damages the environment to a full use of resources, to protect the environment and to rely on scientific and technological progress to maximize the supply of efficient and high-quality tools and services for the manufacturing industry. To this end, the author makes the following recommendations:
Limit the malignant expansion of low-end tool products. In 2004, China produced 78,000 tons of high-speed steel, which is nearly 50% of global production. It produced 2.5 billion pieces of tools (more than 30 times of the same year in the same year as the industrial powers of Japan), of which nearly 2 billion (80% of the total) ) Low-cost exports. The Tool Industry Association has called for control over the total amount of low-end products for years, but it does not work. The reason is that the government is using export tax rebate policies to support this development. Therefore, the solution to the problem is clear: the government will withdraw the export subsidies for low-end tool products, and even the export tax will be reversed.
Encourage the development of high-end products. If the government has implemented policy control of low-end tool products, it has created a good environment for the development of high-end products. The country will further introduce some preferential policies and measures from attracting diversified investment, encouraging innovation, and promoting joint ventures and cooperation, and will certainly see great results.
Imitation and combination, take your own path. At present, China's tool industry is still in the stage of learning and imitation of foreign advanced technology, and it is very good to be able to import substitution. But in the long run, it will always follow people's homes, and there will be no early days. The correct way should be to create a combination of imitation and take your own path. The core is to master the business philosophy and operational technology of a modern tool enterprise, so as to get rid of the fate of imitation, and to be able to organize various resources, to invest in a goal, to create a world. In order to accelerate the transition from simple imitation to imitation, it is recommended to provide qualified enterprises to strengthen the study of the operation technology of modern manufacturing enterprises, such as hiring foreign experts or strengthening cooperation through joint ventures.
 

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