Chemical safety and environmental protection

Safe production is a major issue involving the life safety of employees, and it is also related to the survival, development, and stability of the company. In recent years, news media such as newspapers and television have reported that safety accidents in railways, coal mines, and other industries have caused serious losses, high impact, and high frequency. To analyze the deep-seated causes of the accident, it is not difficult to see that some cadres and employees have misunderstandings on the production and management of safety in their understanding and ideology.

Management can produce benefits, while safety also produces benefits. Safe production is a major issue involving the lives and safety of employees, and it also relates to the survival and development of enterprises and their stability. Safe production requires a multi-pronged alarm bell.

Doing a good job of safe production is like walking on thin ice, and it must not be neglected and paralysed. As the safety manager or the first person responsible for the safety of the unit, we must first eliminate the misunderstandings in the ideological understanding. The first is the misunderstanding of safety facilities. With the rapid development of science and technology, construction site safety facilities and labor protection supplies also show high, refined, and sharp technologies, and are widely used in production practices. As a result, blindly optimistic thoughts emerged concerning individual safety management personnel or cadres, and it is believed that as long as these "fine equipments" are put into place, there will be no major safety problems in the future, and no attention will be paid to the prevention of damages. This kind of paralysis is very likely. It will lead to accidents; the second is misunderstanding of staff training. Therefore, swiftly educating employees on labor safety production is also an effective protection against the occurrence of security accidents. Third, the ideological misunderstandings of individual security managers or cadres. The enforcement system must be strictly enforced and the system violated. We all know that “strictly love or loose is a harm” in the work of safety production. However, in actual work, individual safety management personnel or cadre officials have the “three fears” ideology for safety management. : Being afraid of taking responsibility, being afraid of offending people, being afraid of working hard and suffering, creating a serious situation of formalism, good humanism, and bureaucracy, leading to the phenomenon of “absence” in implementation and implementation.

First, we must firmly establish people-oriented thinking.

Further advanced safety facilities and machines also rely on people to operate, control, and maintain. The higher the technological content, the higher the quality of people. Therefore, safety in production must be based on people. Without a contingent of qualified and skilled workers, there is no basic guarantee for safe production.

To improve the quality of people, the first is to improve the ideological quality. To create a first-rate power construction company for the company “doing fine and strengthening” requires a high-quality team of cadres and workers. To maintain a good safety situation, it is also necessary to cultivate a strong workforce. Guided by scientific theory, it is the fundamental way to effectively improve the level of political and ideological staff. Therefore, we should actively promote the urgency and importance of safe production in various forms, firmly establish the idea of ​​"safety first, prevention first", stand on the "three represents" and ensure the safety of workers' lives. In addition to ideologically raising awareness and enhancing the sense of responsibility and mission, we must continue to increase employees' awareness of safety production and fundamentally mobilize employees' enthusiasm for guaranteeing safety. In this way, we can do a good job in the safety production of our unit and our department. Followed by improving the quality of business. In addition to the normal circumstances, it is necessary to increase the training and drills for resilience under non-normal conditions. According to the status quo of production safety in engineering construction, advanced and forward-looking training will be conducted to improve accident prevention capabilities.

Second, it is to enhance the cadres' sense of responsibility and crisis awareness.

Practice has proved that: The key to leadership is safety. In order to implement the responsibility mechanism of “who is responsible for construction and who is responsible” and to reverse some of the misunderstandings and non-achievements that exist in the understanding of cadres, it is necessary to conduct rigorous assessments and change the results to be a process assessment to form a dynamic assessment and evaluation mechanism. At the same time, it is necessary to formulate a sound assessment system, specify the objects, contents, and procedures for assessment at different levels, and combine organic assessments and assessments with the employees' opinions and assessments to conduct an integrated assessment. For those who have not completed quantitative assessment tasks or have security problems, they must have a corresponding punishment system in order to enhance the sense of crisis and responsibility of the cadres, and promote the implementation of a step-by-step accountable system, from the “recruit security” to “I want to grasp "Safety" change.

Third, actively explore safety management mechanisms and continuously innovate safety management models.

According to the situation and reality of engineering safety production, various management methods and means should also be based on the actual situation, and explore the management mechanism and effective measures that are suitable for it. First of all, we must lay a solid foundation for safety, adhere to prevention, and strictly investigate violations of rules and regulations. The focus will be on putting an end to violations and violations of discipline, focusing on prevention, and checking for loopholes at the source. What is more crucial is to establish systems and mechanisms that can ensure safe production. Second, we must stick to a hierarchical responsibility system and implement leadership responsibilities. It is necessary to scientifically define the hierarchical responsibility system, to separate leadership responsibility, hierarchical responsibility, position responsibility, and professional and technical responsibility, so that their responsibilities are clear, and each assumes its responsibilities and ensures implementation. In addition, it is necessary to raise awareness and correctly handle safe days. The number of days of safety is a factor in measuring the security situation of a unit. The long number of days of safety does not mean that there are few problems. The key is to call for a long warning and always make unremitting efforts.

Fourth, it is to carry out various forms of safety activities with clear themes and rich content, and strive to create a good atmosphere of safety culture and jointly build a safety embankment.

Combine the "Ankang Cup" competition activities and implement the "one-method three-card" work to vigorously carry out various safety competition activities with the theme of safety production, such as the "Staff Safety Production Knowledge Contest", "staff security skills contest", " Suggestions for rationalization and implementation of self-management of safe production in teams and groups, etc. At the same time, we persistently adhered to good practices and methods of safety production, such as pre-class (post-) station meetings, construction "three exchanges, and three inspections", etc., constantly summing up experiences and lessons, advancing with the times, being bold in making innovations, and using various carriers and forms. We will do a good job in production safety, make it concrete, and make new achievements.

Fifth, adhere to the safety production, civilized construction "eight in place."

Namely: safety production awareness, safety measures in place, safe production technology is in place, safety production responsibilities are in place, safety production education and training is in place, safety production management personnel are in place, safety production funds are in place, safety production inspection, rectification, and implementation are in place.

Safety management is a long-term and complicated system engineering. It requires constant exploration, consolidation, and innovation. It strives to emerge a management approach that is safe for construction and has strong operability, and maintains a sound and stable safety production situation at all times. Build a firm line of defense, persevere in a long-lasting manner, and a long warning bell to make new contributions to the company's long-term safety production cycle.

The current environmental problems in China's chemical industry

As of 2005 , there were 21,236 chemical and petrochemical enterprises with annual sales of more than 5 million . In the end, there are as many chemical companies as there may be no one who can say clearly, but it is certainly a terrible figure. Among these companies, there are the following environmental issues:

1 , the layout of chaos, risk hidden danger

As the main growth point of the economy, the chemical industry has received strong support from local governments. However, due to the toxicity of the raw materials, products, and intermediates in the industry and the dangers in the production process, the construction site should maintain a sufficient distance from the sensitive areas such as densely populated areas.

The current actual situation is that the chemical industry has a prominent environmental safety hazard, and the new and old issues are becoming more and more adulterated, which has seriously threatened the safety of surrounding residents and drinking water sources: ( 1 ) According to the national environmental risk investigation, years approved chemical projects, the town accounted for around 33% within five kilometers, it is located in coastal rivers and lakes and reservoirs account for 18% of the water intake located upstream water source or nature reserves, important fishery waters and aquatic habitats of rare Nearly 5% of the land is near (even repeated appearances in order to change the scope of the protected area in order to place the chemical project in the nature reserve), and 3% of it is located in the Three Gorges reservoir area and near the water source of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project . ( 2 ) Some old chemical and petrochemical enterprises parks are intertwined with residential areas. For example, Maoming Petrochemical, Qilu Petrochemical, Lanzhou Refinery, Jilin Petrochemical, Jinling Petrochemical, and Yangzi Ethylene are located in urban areas, with densely populated areas, industrial areas, and housing. District mixed. ( 3 ) The new chemical and petrochemical enterprises and the surrounding areas of the park, due to the development and expansion of the city, the newly planned residential areas are continuously approaching, forming a huge hidden risk of environmental risks. Such as Shanghai Chemical Industry Park, Shanghai Petrochemical and Jinshan District and Fengxian District, the development has highlighted the serious contradiction, Nanjing Chemical Industry Zone is located in Nanjing City, the direction of conflict with the city.

The emergence of the above problems is due to the lack of coordination between the urban development plan and the industrial development plan, the insufficient degree of convergence, and the lack of environmental safety awareness of the urban planning department and the land management department.

2. The widespread phenomenon of pollution transfer

There are 2,200 existing pesticide companies in China , 2,924 dyes and coatings , and 30-40 chromium salts . These heavy pollution industries generally have small scale, large quantities, poor production technology, high resource consumption, low scientific and technological content, and pollution control facilities. Problems, and present the law of shifting from more economically developed regions to underdeveloped ones. ( 1 ) International transfer to the country. Due to serious pollution in these industries, developed countries have reduced their production or even failed to produce. The domestic market has therefore grown rapidly and has mostly earned foreign exchange through exports. Initially, they were mostly located in more developed regions of China's economy, such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Shandong. ( 2 ) Transfer between domestic regions. With the improvement of environmental awareness and awareness, China's economically developed regions have realized the cost of pollution. On the basis of the conversion of large state-owned enterprises to private enterprises, heavy pollution products have begun a new shift, from cities to suburbs and rural areas. From the east to the west, if pesticides are being transferred from southern Jiangsu and Jiangsu to southern Jiangsu, chromium salts are shifting to the west. ( 3 ) Where are you going? In the underdeveloped and poorer regions, due to the weak economic foundation and insufficient awareness and attention to environmental protection, the regulatory authorities are not acting and are willing to accept the invasion of heavily polluting enterprises. Enterprises in these areas tend to reduce environmental standards and pollution control levels, and even do not govern at all, so this is bound to repeat the development of economically developed areas.

The consequences of the development of these heavily polluting industries and the transfer of pollution are the result that economic profits are enjoyed by a small number of people, while environmental pollution is shared by most people. Essentially, a small number of people violate the majority's environmental rights and survival rights.

3 , toxic indicators control is not effective

The characteristics of the chemical industry determine that the production and emission of pollutants from different products or processes are very different. In particular, the effects of characteristic pollutants or toxic teratogenic substances on the environment and human health are long-lasting, far-reaching and irreversible. , such as coking-produced benzo ( BaP ), mercury in calcium carbide method, benzene series in petrochemical wastewater, “triple” contaminants in wastewater of dyes and intermediates, pesticides in wastewater from pesticide plants, and AOX and the use of toluene, xylene, benzene and other highly toxic solvents.

Under the current management model, the environmental protection administrative department mainly controls the conventional factors such as SO2 and COD . The supervision and control of the toxic substances mentioned above are not enough and many environmental issues are ignored. To a certain extent, the direction of pollution control by the enterprises is misled. It is unwilling and unnecessary to invest sufficient funds and scientific research strength to solve the truly more serious pollution problem. The company’s investment in environmental protection scientific research is seriously insufficient. This is the main reason why the technological level of pollution control in the chemical industry has almost stagnated in recent years. one.

4 , Environmental risk prevention is not in place

Environmental risk investigation and statistics show that many companies have multiple sewage outlets and stormwater discharge outlets, and it is difficult to achieve supervision and control. The discharge outlets are not standardized, and the discharge of clean sewage pipelines is not “clean water”, and some enterprises are interested in using their sewage. There are many problems in the installation and management of on- line monitoring instruments , which are often inexplicable; 63% of companies do not have fire-fighting water collection tanks and 77% do not have initial rainwater collection tanks. Once a major accident occurs, leakage of materials, fire-fighting water, and polluted rainwater can easily pass through the water. The rain row system enters the external water body, causing pollution accidents; there is generally a lack of unified environmental risk emergency prevention measures, monitoring system and emergency plan.

5. Insufficient environmental supervision

The allocation of environmental regulatory power is directly related to the deployment of new sources of pollution and the control of old sources of pollution. According to the nationwide environmental risk investigation, the direct supervisors of existing chemical projects are mostly prefecture-level and below environmental protection agencies; the new chemical project approved by the State Environmental Protection Administration accounted for only 1.7% , which was approved by prefecture-level and below environmental protection agencies. Up to 77% . Local environmental protection administrations often lack monitoring instruments and qualified technical management personnel for toxic pollutants in chemical companies. Faced with tens of thousands of chemical companies, their regulatory capabilities are far from adequate, and objectively creating conditions for illegal companies.

6 , passive environmental protection will continue

Due to limitations in the level of technology and ideas, China is still in the stage of passive environmental protection, that is, companies are constrained by laws and regulations and supervised by management departments to consider environmental protection in a coping and passive manner; and China’s environmental protection management system, regulations and systems The insufficiency in the normative and stringent aspects makes this passive environmental protection continue for a long time. Mainly reflected in the following areas:

( 1 ) Environmental law enforcement status and capabilities are limited.

At present, environmental protection law enforcement is in an embarrassing situation of “two highs and one low”. The cost of environmental protection law is high, the cost of law enforcement is high, and the cost of illegality is low. This is the root cause of the frequent environmental pollution accidents in recent years, and it is also the environmental protection regulations that become “tofu The "law" and environmental violations have banned important reasons. For example, the catastrophic pollution accident on the Lancang River in Sichuan Province not only caused direct economic losses of several hundred million yuan, but also experts estimate that the environmental impact of pollution incidents will last for a long time, and the maximum amount of fines imposed on pollution units by environmental law enforcement agencies must not exceed 100. Ten thousand yuan, when penalties were imposed on projects that violated the EIA laws without authorization and started to invest billions of yuan, the company’s illegal costs were as high as only 200,000 yuan.

( 2 ) Environmental protection is cost rather than benefit.

The enterprise is the main body of environmental protection. In the conscious environmental protection stage, environmental protection is a benefit: Only environmentally friendly enterprises can occupy the market. Products with low pollution levels and high levels of cleanliness are more competitive. In the current stage of passive environmental protection, environmental protection is the cost: especially for heavily polluting industries, pollution control investment has accounted for a considerable proportion of the cost of the company, and even some products are determined by environmental protection costs to determine whether it is profitable. The less environmental protection investment, the greater the company's economic profit margin. In addition, different approving departments and different regions have different environmental protection costs for similar companies, and there have been phenomena of rising, high profits, and avoiding harm. For example, the State Environmental Protection Administration has a high requirement for examination and approval and local environmental protection agencies have low requirements for examination and approval. In order to reduce investment in environmental protection, companies tend to apply for projects with local environmental protection agencies in various ways; for example, in the more developed eastern regions, the environmental protection standards are strict and the western regions are environmentally friendly. Standard loose, companies tend to enter the low standard in the name of supporting the development of the west under the support of local governments. Differences in the law enforcement environment and regional differences determine the level of environmental protection costs. It is also the incentive to cause problems with the aforementioned layout problems, poor local supervision, and transfer of pollution.

( 3 ) Environmental impact assessment becomes an industry.

The environmental impact reports of most chemical and petrochemical projects have varying degrees of incomplete content, poor pertinence, insufficient depth, and low overall levels. The main reasons include: too rapid economic development in recent years, too many projects, environmental impact assessment work evolved from a statutory technical documentation into an industry, in order to pursue more economic benefits and a larger EIA market, EIA units In order to complete the task, it is a waste of work; most environmental assessment units are unfamiliar with the business of the chemical industry and do not understand the production process. The "congenitally deficient" deficiencies make the report insufficient attention to and evaluation of toxic pollutants; short-term local protectionism and narrow economic development model This has prompted local governments to intervene too much in the EIA work, which has brought difficulties and obstacles to the preparation of the report; in order to meet the needs of the Employer, EIA units have often overseen the need to save investment and speed up the construction of chemical projects. The assessment of the environmental feasibility of site selection is not enough, the depth of environmental risk assessment is not enough, and the overall level is not high.

Solution to environmental problems in chemical industry

The “Eleventh Five-Year” plan for environmental protection requires that the layout of the chemical industry be adjusted and high-polluting chemical companies eliminated. The current problems in the chemical and petrochemical industry should be addressed and resolved from the following aspects.

1. Reasonable planning and optimization of industrial layout

According to the national division of the four major functional areas of optimized development, key development, limited development and prohibition of development, the classification of industrial development planning in various regions. The development of environmentally sensitive areas must take into consideration the interests of the country, take into account local development, consider the environmental rights of future generations, and plan and formulate standards and regulations from an overall perspective, and appropriately stipulate policies. Areas such as Hainan Island and Tibet that require special protection should develop clean and high-tech industries based on resource advantages and ecological characteristics, and prohibit the development of petrochemical, chemical and other highly polluting and high-risk industries. In important reservoir protection areas such as the Three Gorges reservoir area, it is necessary to formulate industrial plans based on the requirements for the protection of water bodies and to solve the contradiction between local and overall economic development in the basin or area.

Large-scale chemical supporting bases are given priority for deployment in coastal areas, large environmental capacity, and regionally balanced regions; the chemical industry is based on parks, integration, and scale development, and encourages upstream and downstream chemical projects to support circular economy. Industries that tend to be saturated in the current market and overheated, such as oil refining, ethylene, PTA and coal chemical (coal oil, coal to methanol, coal to olefins, etc.), should first formulate a national industrial development plan. After the EIA is completed, a single project will be implemented; the newly built coal chemical project shall, in principle, enter a professional and functional supporting park ( base ) to achieve comprehensive utilization of resources and energy and centralized treatment of “three wastes”.

2. The new park has been strictly controlled and the existing park has been fully rectified

The newly established chemical park should first carry out planning environmental impact assessment and regional risk assessment, and fully demonstrate the environmental feasibility of site selection. Should not be located within 5 km outside the boundary of the urban planning area, within 1 km of both sides of major rivers, highways, and railway lines , within 3 km of surrounding sensitive areas such as residents' gathering areas, schools, hospitals, and staff quarters , and drinking water sources Protected areas and major recharge areas, scenic spots, nature reserves, outcrops in spring areas, restricted development zones, prohibited development zones, and other areas requiring special protection.

Chemical parks should have infrastructure such as centralized water supply, heat supply, steam supply, power supply, centralized wastewater treatment, and centralized disposal of hazardous wastes. Transportation methods and routing of materials should avoid environmental risks to the maximum extent, and emergency environmental emergency accidents should be established. The preplan should have emergency rescue and rescue capabilities for emergency environmental accidents, emergency command agencies, and emergency monitoring capabilities.

3 , production and sales supervision of heavy polluting industries

For pesticides, dyes, organic intermediates, chromium salts, inorganic salts, coke, and heavy-polluting products where domestic resources are scarce and products are exported, the export tax rebate policy is completely abolished , and the principle of satisfying domestic demand and strictly restricting exports is adhered to; Measures for monitoring the environmental management of export products, discussing methods for the collection of environmental resource taxes (or environmental pollution taxes); strictly monitoring trends in international trade in heavy polluting products and resolutely cracking down on international pollution transfer; and adopting stricter management measures for the transfer of pollution between domestic regions. To develop the economy from the perspective of sustainable development, special attention should be paid to the protection of the fragile ecological environment in the western region.

A typical example is the chromium salt industry. According to domestic demand and international development trends, China's layout of 4-6 large-scale chromium salt companies (with an annual output of more than 50,000 tons) can meet the market demand, so the state should control its development, unified planning, reasonable layout, total control. The layout selection should be more preferable in terms of geographical distribution, environmental sensitivity, proximity to the market, local advantages of comprehensive utilization of chromium slag, transportation, and the foundation of existing enterprises. Otherwise, the industry will experience a new round of tragic situations in which low-level vicious competition, lower-than-cost export prices, chromium residue will be transferred to the local government, bankruptcy transfer positions will be rebuilt, and other pollution will continue to expand.

4. Strengthen environmental risk prevention

Combined with the results of environmental risk investigations, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment of existing petrochemical chemical companies and chemical industry parks will be carried out step by step in basins, sea areas, and regions. The main contents include: the environmental sensitivity of the location and the operation of pollution prevention measures. Effectiveness, environmental risk prevention and emergency measures. According to the assessment conclusions, existing enterprises and parks can be divided into three categories from the perspective of environmental risks: development and control development, and adjustment. For environmental risks (control development), under the premise of taking risk reduction measures, Allowing them to conditionalize development; For environmental risks that have been very large (adjusted), measures such as relocation or closure should be taken to encourage companies to adjust their strategic layout and avoid aggravating the environmental risks of existing companies.

5 , strict market access, increase investment in environmental protection technology

In the supervision and monitoring of pollution sources, monitoring and monitoring of toxic substances such as pollutants, benzene series, and other characteristic factors should be considered, and they should not only remain in the management of total control factors. We should increase scientific and technological investment in waste treatment in heavy polluting industries, and build a national-level R&D platform for pollution control technologies, such as the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater such as dyes, pesticides, and organic intermediates. We have made little progress over the years and should rely on technological strength. The scientific research unit conducts the development of product and related governance technologies.

Resolutely shut down enterprises and installations that do not meet the requirements of industrial policies, and formulate environmental protection access conditions for chemical industries. The expansion and expansion of chemical enterprises must adopt the principle of “increasing production and reducing pollution” or achieving regional reduction. Any area where the environmental quality of the area cannot meet the requirements of the functional area should be controlled for any new sewage enhancement projects to improve the environmental quality.

6. Establish an "environmental protection credit" mechanism

To advance the historical changes in China's environmental protection work, we must abandon the practice of sacrificing the environment in exchange for economic growth and achieve credit and environmental protection.

( 1 ) Strict rule of law and heavy pollution control. The company’s scale, products, pollution prevention and control measures and efficiency, environmental protection input, clean production level, discharge and compliance, illegal situation, pollution disputes, pollution accidents, environmental obligations and social compensation should be established The “Environmental Protection Credit” dynamic file was announced to the public, integrated with the international market supervision system, strengthened environmental awareness and law enforcement, and increased the penalties so that illegal companies and units with environmental taints paid high credit and market costs. The effect of killing a policeman should be achieved; the illegal behavior of the company to steal the wastes from the environment and the non-operation of pollution control facilities must be firmly stopped.

( 2 ) Energetically punish the EIA team. The environmental impact assessment document is a comprehensive national law, regulations, policies, standards, specifications and other requirements. From the perspective of environmental impact, the assessment of the environmental feasibility of a construction project and its judgment are important for the approval of the environmental administrative department. Technical documents, therefore, the quality of its preparation is directly related to the accuracy of administrative approval and the effectiveness of new pollution control and management. The EIA unit shall improve its own professional quality, conscientiously implement the national environmental protection policy, and objectively and fairly evaluate the impact of the environment. Through the stringent requirements of relevant laws and regulations, vigorously carry out team construction, improve the environmental assessment thresholds for employees, and improve the quality of the environmental assessment units, and comprehensively assess the capabilities, performance, quality, practical results, and related behaviors of environmental assessment units, and establish “environmental credits” for environmental assessment units. Dynamic files for social supervision.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.