(2) The performance requirements of recyclable materials should be applied to the recyclable materials of CNC machining. It should have sufficient hardness, toughness and tensile strength. It should be clamped with clamps, and the deformation is not large. It will not break when rotating at high speed; No corrosion and wear, no lubrication and cooling system can be blocked; parts can be processed, size and surface roughness can meet the requirements of the drawings, shape and size changes will not occur; wear and loss on the tool will be small, when the tool collides with the parts, The parts are easy to break, and will not cause harm to the precision of the machine tool, avoiding harm to the operator. The recycling and use process does not produce toxic and harmful gases, no harm to the environment and the human body, and the material price and recycling cost are low.
(3) Improvement of performance of composite paraffin material Paraffin wax has low melting point and strength, is easy to process but is also easily broken, and cannot meet the requirements of fixture clamping and tool cutting. By adding additives to the paraffin, the hardness, toughness and tensile strength are improved, and the mechanical properties are improved.
First, increase the softening and melting temperature of the material. Paraffin wax is a colorless to white crystalline waxy solid, odorless and tasteless, relative density of 0. 82 ~ 0. 90g / cm3, the melting point of melting point below 45 ° C is called soft wax. Paraffin wax with a melting point between 45 and 60 ° C and a penetration of less than 20 (0.1 mm) at 25 ° C is called hard wax. After adding the added materials, the melting temperature of paraffin wax can reach above 70 °C. In the environment below 35 °C, the material will not be obviously softened, which can meet the requirements of machine tool clamping and processing.
Second, improve the hardness and toughness of the material. The hardness of paraffin is determined by the penetration degree. It cannot be compared with the mechanical properties of metal materials such as steel. It is detected by the detection method of metal materials. Since the hardness is too low, the relevant data cannot be detected. We mainly use the method of visual judgment to detect: First, three-claw self-centering chuck clamping, one-clip one-top, two top-end clamping can be carried out on the lathe; clamps are clamped on the milling machine or machining center, material No significant deformation or breakage will occur. Second, when the material whose length is 3 times the diameter falls at a height of 1.5 m, the material does not break. Third, the cutting of the tool is smooth, the chip does not adhere to the tool, the workpiece and the machine guide rail. The surface of the part is smooth and the surface roughness is low. Adding the added material to the paraffin wax improves the hardness of the paraffin wax and improves the viscosity of the paraffin wax and is easy to adhere. By adjusting the formula, the composite paraffin material basically satisfies the above three testing requirements.
Finally, improve material recyclability. Paraffin blanks are usually cast, and defects such as voids often appear inside. During repeated use, materials will be mixed with chips, oil, water and dust, and interlayer defects will appear inside the processed blanks. In order to solve the problem of unstable quality of hand-made material blanks, after repeated experiments, a production equipment for processing composite paraffin blanks was developed to solve the problem that the blanks are prone to defects. The processed blank has a smooth outer surface and a stable size. The mold can be replaced to produce blanks of different shapes and sizes, and large-scale production can be achieved to meet production and teaching needs.
3. Precautions for the use of composite paraffin materials
(1) For each batch of composite paraffin materials, performance testing shall be carried out. Materials with internal defects or performance degradation shall not be used. The corresponding additive materials shall be added and re-treated before use.
(2) Before processing with paraffin wax, the machine tool should be cleaned, the chips and oil stains should be wiped clean, and the lubricating oil should be added to the rail part to prevent the inclusion of chips and other debris in the material, which will affect the performance of the machine. It is not necessary to use the cutting fluid during processing to prevent moisture from mixing into the material.
After the completion of the processing, the machine tool should be cleaned in time, the chips should be collected and reused, and the machine tool should be filled with lubricating oil to prevent the paraffin wax from condensing on the machine guide rail.
(3) The composite paraffin material has a lower hardness than the steel, and can use a larger feed amount and a back-feeding amount. However, in order to verify the numerical control program and to enable the beginner to better grasp the cutting amount, when processing the composite paraffin material, The amount of feed selected, the amount of back-feeding, the cutting speed and the amount of cutting of the steel should be the same. When the same procedure is used to replace steel for processing, it should be ensured that qualified parts can be processed as well.
When using CNC lathe to process composite paraffin material, for safety reasons, the cutting speed can be 2 / 3 of the steel, and the spindle speed should be controlled within 800r / min.
(4) Since the composite paraffin material has almost no wear on the tool, it is necessary for beginners to know that the tool has a certain amount of wear during the machining process. It is necessary to strengthen and accumulate practical experience in tool application, and to make good use of steel processing. ready.
(5) After the first piece of trial production of CNC machine tools is completed with composite paraffin material, the procedures and knives should be modified according to the situation, and the parts can be qualified before formal production can be carried out.
4. Conclusion
The hardness of the composite paraffin material cannot be compared with that of the steel. The toughness and impact resistance cannot be compared with the plastic, but its low price and good recyclability are unmatched by steel and plastic, ensuring the pass rate of CNC processed products. Safe production, reducing production and teaching costs are of great significance.
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