In recent years, we have explored the cultivation techniques of "mulch film tea" in the practice of introducing and planting clonal clones. The technology can significantly improve the survival rate of tea seedling transplanting and ensure the success of garden construction. It is suitable for application in the Yangtze River Basin with low rainfall, dry years and winter temperatures below 10~C and its northern tea area.
1. Soil selection conditions for soil selection for clonal tea seedlings: pH value 4.5～6.0; leeward sunny, favorable spring tea early; soil depth is above 1 m, groundwater level is below 1 m, organic matter is above 1.5% , high fertility; sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage.
2, the groove is changed to the soil, the single-row dense planting is 130-150 cm in line spacing, and the wide and narrow rows are densely planted by the row spacing 150-170 cm. The groove width is 60 cm and the depth is 50 cm. After the bottom foot manure, compost and other base fertilizers, the soil is backfilled to the trough or slightly lower, and the seedling can be planted after one month of ripening.
3. Selecting varieties from the aspects of adaptability, stress resistance, high yield, high quality, etc. The Yangtze River Basin should choose medium-leaf, high-quality early and early buds to be reasonably matched. In the future, the clonal tea plantation should be Niuzao, Pingyang Tezao, Longjing 43 and Fuding Dabaicha, Shuchazao, and Baiqian are the main varieties. The quality of seedlings should meet the standards set by the state.
4. Planting method The best time for transplanting tea seedlings in the Yangtze River Basin is from mid-October to mid-November, followed by late February and early March. The spacing of single dense planting is 130-150 cm, the distance of plexus is 15 cm, 2 plants per plex, 6000-7000 plants are planted in 667 square meters; wide and narrow rows are densely planted with a wide line spacing of 120-140 cm, narrow line spacing is 30 cm, and the distance is 20 cm. T-shaped planting seedlings, 2 plants per plexus, 8000-9000 plants planted in 667 square meters. For fields with poor soil structure or high pH value, 667 square meters should be exchanged for 10-15 cubic meters of fine loess (pH 5.0-5.5). Planting method: firstly plant the shallow ditch in the single or double row in the pumping maturation line, take the seedlings in one hand, buck the soil in one hand, compact the roots, and cultivate the soil to the mud door; each seedling is poured with 1 kg of root water; 3 to 5 cm on the mud door; finally, the seedling height is 15 cm, and the excess shoots and tender leaves are cut off.
5, cover film technology first flatten the tea line to prevent damage to the film, after pouring enough water or use the rain after the first clear cover film. Generally, a mulch film with a thickness of 0.005 mm and a width of 800 mm is used. For example, the anti-weed effect is better with a black mulch film, the length is determined by the length of the tea line, and the mulch film is used for 1-1.5 kg of 667 m2. First cover the tea line with a mulch film, then cut the top film of the tea seedlings to expose the tea seedlings, and then compact the membrane around the membrane and the root of the seedlings with fine soil.
6, the latter management is the film management. The membrane inspection of the cover film found that the damage was timely compacted with soil, and a large amount of steam-water beads were often formed under the membrane; when the tea seedlings grew through the spring and summer, the film was no longer needed to be protected, that is, when the film was weathered in mid-August, combined with fertilizer Weeding removes residual film. The second is a reasonable intercropping. In the first year of summer, a row of corn can be planted in wide row spacing, and the tea seedlings should be properly shaded. In winter, cabbage and radish should be used. In other tea gardens above 2 years old, other crops should be stopped. The third is to apply fertilizer. The first top dressing can be carried out in May. The method is to apply holes in the middle of the narrow line. After the application, the hole is sealed in time with the soil. The dosage is 667 square meters, 8 kg of urea or 8-10 tons of diluted water, and then monthly. Once the fertilizer is used, the dosage is gradually increased. The fourth is stereotype trimming. When the average seedling is as high as 30 cm, the first trimming is 20 cm from the ground; after every 20 cm of growth, the 15 cm flat shear is left, and when the seedling height reaches 50 cm, the picking can be started.
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