China Security Exhibition Reuters informed that the 45th meeting of the Digital Video Coding Standard Working Group (AVS), held from June 20 on, has been most affected by the AVS video coding standard developed by Chinese scientists leading international electronics and information The academic organization IEEE (American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) promulgated and published. The new standard is expected to change the pattern of video surveillance industry from the source of technology, review the video standardization process in China, and standardization work continues.
The new standard is expected to change the video surveillance industry landscape from the source of technology
"Video encoding, also known as video compression, is a technology that compresses large amounts of video data in large quantities to achieve efficient transmission and storage. It is a technology that affects all aspects of society. Without it, it is impossible to imagine today's digital TV and network video. The popularity of “IEEE 1857 Working Group†and Academician Gao Wen of the Peking University said that in addition to video, the system standards established by the AVS Working Group have also completed the IEEE Standards Association voting process. The promulgation of IEEE1857 marks that Chinese scientists have already possessed leading organizational capabilities and international influence in the field of video coding technology. This is an important milestone in the implementation of innovation strategies in China's high-tech fields.
According to the IEEE1857 Working Group Secretary and Professor Huang Tiejun, Director of the Digital Media Research Institute of Peking University, the IEEE 1857 standard is the culmination of the work done by the AVS Working Group over the past 10 years and is the landmark achievement of the AVS Industrial Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance’s internationalization. Unlike other international standards that attempt to cover a variety of applications with a single standard, AVS's characteristics and specific needs for different types of applications require a vertical combination of codec tools and a unique development path. In addition to including digital TV-oriented grades, IEEE1857 also includes two new levels for mobile communications and video surveillance. It is worth noting that IEEE 1857 has twice the compression efficiency of surveillance video than similar international standards and is clearly ahead of the rest of the world. The position is expected to change the pattern of the video surveillance industry from the source of technology.
In 2002, the AVS Standards Working Group was established with the support of the Ministry of Information Industry (formerly) and the Ministry of Science and Technology. The video coding standards developed in 2006 were promulgated as national standards. In 2009, the standard was approved by the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) as One of the standards adopted by IPTV (Internet TV) was determined in 2011 by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology as the only video decoding standard that China's digital TV and other audiovisual terminals must support. In 2012, the enhanced version of AVS was promulgated by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television as an industry. Standard, CCTV has already conducted a pilot broadcast. It is understood that there have been more than 20 AVS chip manufacturers worldwide, and more than 1,000 digital TV programs have been broadcasted by AVS in more than 20 provinces and cities in China and in 5 other countries.
Video surveillance standardization work
Video Surveillance Networking Standardization Trends The continuous development of digital video surveillance is a process in which corresponding standards have been continuously introduced and improved. However, compared to broadcast television systems, digital surveillance systems are also focused on audio and video compression and transmission standards, and both It also shares some technical achievements, but for video surveillance, the standards for networking control protocols proposed by large-scale networking requirements have only recently emerged. The following is a brief description of the standardization work involved in video surveillance network control.
1, video and audio encoding and decoding standards
The video/audio codec standard is the most basic "description language" for all video information. Without a unified language, it requires layered translation. It is very difficult and difficult to maintain the long-term maintenance of various languages, especially the early non-standardized languages. of. From the development of rail transit to the video and audio coding and decoding standards, it has undergone several stages of MPEGII, MPEGIV, and H.264. Not only that, due to the lack of early specifications for transmission and encapsulation standards, the lines cannot be inter-edited with each other. The situation, the operation center that manages each line must pile up a lot of equipments, can insert each line, bring great trouble to the system operation and maintenance.
H.264 has been introduced for nearly a decade and is currently the most widely used and most advanced video coding technology (H.265 was officially promulgated in March 2013, but for large-scale commercial applications, it is estimated that it will take 3-5 years). Under the premise of the same image quality, the code stream is less than half that of MPEG-4, which can save a lot of storage space and bandwidth. This is crucial for a networked video surveillance system with a large number of video transmission and storage requirements.
The H.264 standard specifies multiple profiles such as baseline, main, and high from the aspect of encoder processing and quality, and includes many options in the H.264 concrete algorithm. Therefore, according to the requirements of the rail transit on the video quality and compatibility implementation, it is possible to flexibly choose to specify the specific profile and level levels, as well as the specific parameters in the encoding and decoding process to meet different requirements under different scenarios. For example, Choose high-compression ratio HighProfile stream for video storage, to ensure the capture of details, and select the low-latency ConstrainedBaseline to meet the low-latency real-time browsing requirements.
Due to the maturity of H.264 development, more vendors support the SVAC, AVS and other standards. As a result, it has gained a lot of choices in standardization alliance organizations both at home and abroad, and it has strong vitality. From the current practice, H.264 implementation tends to be standardized, and interoperability between different vendors has better guarantees.
Based on the above factors, we believe that rail transit should select H.264 as the basic coding framework for video coding, and on this basis, improve the relevant standards for signaling, transmission, and file encapsulation.
2. System Control Protocol
As the security industry continues to develop toward the network, there is a lack of a standard for communicating with different manufacturers' IP security devices. In September 2008, ONVIF's research team was jointly initiated by Hikvision, AXIS, BOSCH, SONY, and other companies. It gradually formed a large number of international standardization organizations with major vendors participating, and has released the ONVIF version 2.2 specification. In addition, there are PSIA organizations initiated by more than 60 companies including Cisco and Honeywell.
The ONVIF standard defines a common protocol for information exchange between network video devices, including device search, real-time video, audio, metadata, and control information. Network video products can provide a variety of possibilities to enable end users, integrators, consultants, and manufacturers to expand their functions more flexibly and openly, and use service-oriented interface technologies to reduce system management costs, gain cost-effective, and more flexible Solutions, market expansion opportunities, and lower risks.
ONVIF has been widely supported by mainstream video equipment manufacturers and increasingly becomes the de facto interface standard for front-end equipment, storage equipment, and back-end equipment. At the same time, SDK-based access methods based on vendor-owned technologies will be increasingly used by users. The conflict.
However, the disadvantages of ONVIF are also obvious. Because ONVIF pays more attention to the interface and management between devices, it does not pay much attention to the management and interface between systems. It does not have the functions of multi-level system management, permission allocation, and video calling in China. Very good solution.
Development of Domestic Video Surveillance Standards The standardization of domestic video surveillance systems lags behind, especially the networking control of digital video surveillance, and lacks national standards. From the perspective of the development process, the first is the development of local standards, and from the focus on video image quality, coverage of key points, and mandatory functions, it has gradually evolved to define the overall structure and focus on system-level networking standards.
On June 1, 2012, the "Technical Requirements for Information Transmission and Switching Control of Security Surveillance Video Surveillance Networking System" (GB/T28181-2011) was formally promulgated and implemented. It can be said that GB/T28181 is based on the GA/T669.1-2008 series of standards. At the same time, an industry-wide networking system that can be scaled up to the national scale is planned, and a detailed description of the networking control protocol and system architecture has been made, and it has relatively strong operability. However, the 28181 has been simplified compared to the 669 series, and it is believed that some follow-up standards are required to describe it.
The new standard is expected to change the video surveillance industry landscape from the source of technology
"Video encoding, also known as video compression, is a technology that compresses large amounts of video data in large quantities to achieve efficient transmission and storage. It is a technology that affects all aspects of society. Without it, it is impossible to imagine today's digital TV and network video. The popularity of “IEEE 1857 Working Group†and Academician Gao Wen of the Peking University said that in addition to video, the system standards established by the AVS Working Group have also completed the IEEE Standards Association voting process. The promulgation of IEEE1857 marks that Chinese scientists have already possessed leading organizational capabilities and international influence in the field of video coding technology. This is an important milestone in the implementation of innovation strategies in China's high-tech fields.
According to the IEEE1857 Working Group Secretary and Professor Huang Tiejun, Director of the Digital Media Research Institute of Peking University, the IEEE 1857 standard is the culmination of the work done by the AVS Working Group over the past 10 years and is the landmark achievement of the AVS Industrial Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance’s internationalization. Unlike other international standards that attempt to cover a variety of applications with a single standard, AVS's characteristics and specific needs for different types of applications require a vertical combination of codec tools and a unique development path. In addition to including digital TV-oriented grades, IEEE1857 also includes two new levels for mobile communications and video surveillance. It is worth noting that IEEE 1857 has twice the compression efficiency of surveillance video than similar international standards and is clearly ahead of the rest of the world. The position is expected to change the pattern of the video surveillance industry from the source of technology.
In 2002, the AVS Standards Working Group was established with the support of the Ministry of Information Industry (formerly) and the Ministry of Science and Technology. The video coding standards developed in 2006 were promulgated as national standards. In 2009, the standard was approved by the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) as One of the standards adopted by IPTV (Internet TV) was determined in 2011 by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology as the only video decoding standard that China's digital TV and other audiovisual terminals must support. In 2012, the enhanced version of AVS was promulgated by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television as an industry. Standard, CCTV has already conducted a pilot broadcast. It is understood that there have been more than 20 AVS chip manufacturers worldwide, and more than 1,000 digital TV programs have been broadcasted by AVS in more than 20 provinces and cities in China and in 5 other countries.
Video surveillance standardization work
Video Surveillance Networking Standardization Trends The continuous development of digital video surveillance is a process in which corresponding standards have been continuously introduced and improved. However, compared to broadcast television systems, digital surveillance systems are also focused on audio and video compression and transmission standards, and both It also shares some technical achievements, but for video surveillance, the standards for networking control protocols proposed by large-scale networking requirements have only recently emerged. The following is a brief description of the standardization work involved in video surveillance network control.
1, video and audio encoding and decoding standards
The video/audio codec standard is the most basic "description language" for all video information. Without a unified language, it requires layered translation. It is very difficult and difficult to maintain the long-term maintenance of various languages, especially the early non-standardized languages. of. From the development of rail transit to the video and audio coding and decoding standards, it has undergone several stages of MPEGII, MPEGIV, and H.264. Not only that, due to the lack of early specifications for transmission and encapsulation standards, the lines cannot be inter-edited with each other. The situation, the operation center that manages each line must pile up a lot of equipments, can insert each line, bring great trouble to the system operation and maintenance.
H.264 has been introduced for nearly a decade and is currently the most widely used and most advanced video coding technology (H.265 was officially promulgated in March 2013, but for large-scale commercial applications, it is estimated that it will take 3-5 years). Under the premise of the same image quality, the code stream is less than half that of MPEG-4, which can save a lot of storage space and bandwidth. This is crucial for a networked video surveillance system with a large number of video transmission and storage requirements.
The H.264 standard specifies multiple profiles such as baseline, main, and high from the aspect of encoder processing and quality, and includes many options in the H.264 concrete algorithm. Therefore, according to the requirements of the rail transit on the video quality and compatibility implementation, it is possible to flexibly choose to specify the specific profile and level levels, as well as the specific parameters in the encoding and decoding process to meet different requirements under different scenarios. For example, Choose high-compression ratio HighProfile stream for video storage, to ensure the capture of details, and select the low-latency ConstrainedBaseline to meet the low-latency real-time browsing requirements.
Due to the maturity of H.264 development, more vendors support the SVAC, AVS and other standards. As a result, it has gained a lot of choices in standardization alliance organizations both at home and abroad, and it has strong vitality. From the current practice, H.264 implementation tends to be standardized, and interoperability between different vendors has better guarantees.
Based on the above factors, we believe that rail transit should select H.264 as the basic coding framework for video coding, and on this basis, improve the relevant standards for signaling, transmission, and file encapsulation.
2. System Control Protocol
As the security industry continues to develop toward the network, there is a lack of a standard for communicating with different manufacturers' IP security devices. In September 2008, ONVIF's research team was jointly initiated by Hikvision, AXIS, BOSCH, SONY, and other companies. It gradually formed a large number of international standardization organizations with major vendors participating, and has released the ONVIF version 2.2 specification. In addition, there are PSIA organizations initiated by more than 60 companies including Cisco and Honeywell.
The ONVIF standard defines a common protocol for information exchange between network video devices, including device search, real-time video, audio, metadata, and control information. Network video products can provide a variety of possibilities to enable end users, integrators, consultants, and manufacturers to expand their functions more flexibly and openly, and use service-oriented interface technologies to reduce system management costs, gain cost-effective, and more flexible Solutions, market expansion opportunities, and lower risks.
ONVIF has been widely supported by mainstream video equipment manufacturers and increasingly becomes the de facto interface standard for front-end equipment, storage equipment, and back-end equipment. At the same time, SDK-based access methods based on vendor-owned technologies will be increasingly used by users. The conflict.
However, the disadvantages of ONVIF are also obvious. Because ONVIF pays more attention to the interface and management between devices, it does not pay much attention to the management and interface between systems. It does not have the functions of multi-level system management, permission allocation, and video calling in China. Very good solution.
Development of Domestic Video Surveillance Standards The standardization of domestic video surveillance systems lags behind, especially the networking control of digital video surveillance, and lacks national standards. From the perspective of the development process, the first is the development of local standards, and from the focus on video image quality, coverage of key points, and mandatory functions, it has gradually evolved to define the overall structure and focus on system-level networking standards.
On June 1, 2012, the "Technical Requirements for Information Transmission and Switching Control of Security Surveillance Video Surveillance Networking System" (GB/T28181-2011) was formally promulgated and implemented. It can be said that GB/T28181 is based on the GA/T669.1-2008 series of standards. At the same time, an industry-wide networking system that can be scaled up to the national scale is planned, and a detailed description of the networking control protocol and system architecture has been made, and it has relatively strong operability. However, the 28181 has been simplified compared to the 669 series, and it is believed that some follow-up standards are required to describe it.
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