Abstract Beijing time on July 22, the Science Daily reported that scientists at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) recently re-created huge planets for the first time, such as Jupiter, Uranus, and many newly discovered planets deep underground. The environment. ...
Beijing time on July 22, the Science Daily reported that scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) have recently experimentally reconstructed huge planets such as Jupiter, Uranus, and many newly discovered planets outside the solar system. environment of. Researchers can accurately measure the material properties that control the evolution of these planets, and this information is critical to understanding how large celestial bodies are formed. The study focuses on carbon, the fourth most abundant element in the universe (after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen), which plays an important role in many types of planets inside and outside the solar system. The study was published in the July 17 issue of Nature. 
Scientists first experimentally recreated huge planets
Using the world's largest laser, the National Ignition Facility (NIF) of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the research team at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the University of California at Berkeley, and Princeton University compressed the sample to 5,000 Earth's atmospheric pressure. Tens of thousands of times, this is comparable to the pressure in Jupiter and Saturn Central. In NIF's 192 lasers, the team used 176 lasers that precisely modulate the energy-to-time ratio to produce a pressure wave that compresses the material over a short period of time. Although diamonds are currently the least pressure-sensitive material, the research team has achieved a compression of diamonds to a greater density than lead in normal environments.
“The experimental technology developed here provides a new ability to experimentally replicate the pressure-temperature environment deep inside the planet,†said Ray Smith, the lead author and LLNL physicist.
This pressure has been achieved before, but only the shock wave can be used, and the latter will also produce hundreds of thousands of degrees of high temperature, which is unrealistic in the interior of the planet. The technical challenge therefore is to maintain a low temperature that is consistent with the actual conditions of the planet. This problem is somewhat similar to slow plowing the sand, pushing it forward but not stacking it into a tower. This challenge can be overcome by carefully adjusting the laser intensity over time.
"The ability to explore matter at atomic scale pressure provides new constraints for dense matter theory and planetary evolution models," said Rip Collins, another physicist at LLNL.
The data described in this study is the first test of predictions made early in the quantum mechanics study more than 80 years ago. Quantum mechanics is generally used to describe matter inside planets and stars. Although the latest data and theory are still in line, scientists have found some important differences, indicating that the diamond characteristics in extreme environments have hidden potential to be tapped. NIF's future experiments will focus on uncovering these puzzles.
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