Video surveillance is an important part of the security system. It is a comprehensive system with strong prevention capabilities. Video surveillance is widely used in many situations due to its intuitive, accurate, timely and rich information content. In recent years, with the rapid development of computers, networks, and image processing and transmission technologies, video surveillance technology has also made considerable progress.
After nearly 10 years of development of high-definition video codec, the chip's encoding capabilities have greatly improved. Previously to achieve 1080i image quality requires the use of 10 chip encoding, now only two or three can be.
Looking at market demand, the pursuit of better image quality is a very reasonable and timeless requirement for users. With the advent of intelligent monitoring era, in order to meet the monitoring system's requirements for the analysis and processing of video images, such as license plate recognition, face recognition, etc., higher requirements are imposed on image quality, such as high-definition format. This poses greater challenges to the codec capabilities of the chip.
"For our front-end chip manufacturers, the most important thing is to improve the clarity of video images. Our original product resolution can only be about 400 lines. The TW2864 adopts 10-bit ADC and enhanced 4H adaptive comb filtering. The device can make the image sharpness up to 450 lines, and can get better image quality, rich color quality has the sensitivity of the image." TECHWELL Cheng Liming said.
On the other hand, the continuous upgrading of compression algorithms also changes the image quality. With the market's mainstream compression format to H. 264, even more advanced algorithm format development, constantly increasing the compression ratio, and algorithm optimization become the pursuit of chip manufacturers. "In terms of computational complexity, MPEG-4 is four times more complex than JPEG, and H.264 is more than three times more complex than MPEG4. In addition to the basic requirements of decoder compatibility and encoder compression quality, high-speed system architecture, memory bandwidth, High-efficiency DMA controllers and even multi-core parallel processing are the key to excellent SoC performance."
Judging from the products introduced by the mainstream chip manufacturers in the current market, most products support HD formats. For example, ADI's ADV202 and 212 products can support high-definition formats. TI's DM355 can support MPEG4 real-time encoding at 720p, with a code rate of 4Mbp to 8Mbps, which can be used as the core processor of HD network cameras or HD video servers. It is understood that TI can support H at 720p. The 264 real-time encoding chip is also coming soon. The birth of high-definition encoding chips will enable video surveillance products to achieve higher image quality at a lower code stream.
In recent years, the security monitoring market in China has developed rapidly and has attracted worldwide attention. DVR products have taken the lead in the domestic monitoring industry's mainstream products for 5 or 6 years. Under the guidance of digital surveillance technology, the domestic surveillance market has experienced explosive growth. The annual growth rate of DVR alone exceeds 40%. With the development of the market towards deepening, the network monitoring, intelligentization and platformization of digital surveillance products It is also increasingly evident.
The double coding technology and the matrix review, digital video recorder (DVR) development has been for many years, in general, the rapid development of a variety of new technologies, new products, new concepts emerge in endlessly, but the video definition, video costs It is always the two most important factors in the surveillance system. Video resolution has a lot to do with video coding parameters such as image quality, resolution, bit rate, frame structure, etc. Video cost has a lot to do with compression efficiency. To achieve high image quality, video cost is bound to increase. To reduce video costs, it will inevitably affect the image quality.
In specific applications, how do you balance these two factors? To this end, Hikvision proposes and implements "dynamically adjusted coding parameters" technology.
"Dynamic adjustment of coding parameters" means that the coding parameters are adjusted at the same time when the recording is not started or stopped (without switching the recording file). In a specific application, for static or general monitoring scenes, the corresponding coding parameters are adjusted so that the video is kept at a very low bit rate, and when the image changes or an alarm occurs, the corresponding coding parameters can be adjusted to achieve high quality. The parameters that can be dynamically modified include the following: resolution, video quality, rate control, frame rate control, and frame structure.
Since the above parameters can be dynamically modified, it is possible to maintain the continuity of the image without frequent file switching, that is, to meet the requirement for high image quality at a critical moment, and save hard disk space.
Network monitoring is another important requirement after the banking system completes the digital transformation. Especially for unattended off-line ATMs, network monitoring is an important means for efficient operation and maintenance. The monitoring center not only can understand the DVR online in real time. The status can also be used to view real-time images of police conditions in real time, which has changed the status quo of post-processing through video composites to some extent.
For the financial industry, the clarity of the video must be ensured. In this case, the video data is large, and the network resources are limited. Therefore, the network bandwidth becomes the bottleneck for the transmission of video data. In order to solve this problem, Hikvision proposes and implements dual coding technology.
The output stream's video quality, resolution, frame rate, bit rate, and other video parameters can be set independently. The two streams generated in this way can satisfy different application requirements, such as the main stream used for recording and the substream used for network transmission. With the development of video surveillance applications and the development of coding technologies, the realization of multi-coding technology will become possible, so that multiple code streams can meet the needs of different transmission channels and different applications, such as Gigabit network, VPN private network, ADSL. Transmission channels such as wireless networks, and important users, general users, etc., can transmit video data of different bit rates and different image qualities.
For the traditional CCTV monitoring center, the matrix is ​​a very important device, it mainly completes video switching, PTZ control and other functions, and can also be programmed to set the switching rules, the number of video switching path depends on the matrix host backplane Switching capabilities, switching is achieved through the circuit. Hikvision proposes and implements a digital matrix for digital surveillance and implements it on two platforms.
For a single DVR, it is actually a video switching matrix based on the data bus. For PC-type DVRs, the number of input video channels is the number of video and audio compression cards. All the video can be switched to the graphics card. By adding a decoder card, multiple channels of video can be switched to the decoding output channel (how many the number of output channels depends? How much to decode the card). The total number of paths that can be switched depends mainly on the bandwidth of the bus. In addition, switching rules and PTZ control can be easily set through the PC platform. For the embedded DVR, the number of input video channels is the number of video input channels of the DVR, and the number of output channels is generally at least one way. Some DVRs output two or four channels, and the DVR can also set the switching rules and can perform PTZ control.
For an IP network-based monitoring system, the front-end video input, IP network equipment, back-end decoding equipment, and control equipment together form a digital matrix based on IP switching.
The number of video input channels depends on the number of front-end video channels that the control terminal can access. The number of video output channels depends on the number of decoding servers and the number of decoding channels for each server. It also depends on the bandwidth of the IP network. The switching rules are set by the console, and the console can conveniently perform PTZ control at the same time.
Compared with the traditional analog matrix, the digital matrix has strong flexibility in the setting of the switching rules, the friendliness of the switching interface, and the handling of the switching screen. At the same time, the scalability of the switching path number is also more convenient and the cost is higher. low.
For the processing of switching screens, there is no need for a screen splitter. On the DSP platform, it is possible to realize the screen split line and output the video in units of windows. In short, the digital matrix has more potential for development.
The video output video monitoring system in the video surveillance system is generally composed of front-end equipment (cameras, lenses, pan/tilts, protective covers, brackets, decoders, alarm probes, spotlights, etc.), central control equipment (hard disk recorders, matrix hosts, alarm boxes , video distributor, etc.) and display equipment (VGA, monitor, video wall).
Many video surveillance projects nowadays use video walls as display devices. The control room can display any camera image on the TV wall monitor through matrix switching. The use of the TV wall for monitoring has intuitive and convenient features that facilitate the monitoring personnel to real-timely find the monitored The abnormal situation of the target. In the field of surveillance, video wall monitoring can only be monitored in real time and cannot be played back. Therefore, it is often necessary to use a DVR together with a video matrix to form a complete monitoring system.
Among them, the realization of the video wall, that is, the video output has a variety of ways. The video output card is a kind of video output device with strong compatibility. It outputs the YUV data after the soft solution on the monitor, so it is suitable for the front end. A large-scale monitoring system composed of a variety of manufacturers' coding equipment.
At present, with the increasing popularity of video surveillance and the maturing of technologies, the application of video surveillance management in various industries presents a trend of integration and unification, that is, the point-based distribution of individual management entities in the past has gradually shifted to the point of distribution. Connected lines, lines paved, three-dimensional intertwined networked unified management.
This trend has led to a wider use of video surveillance, more diversified management objects, more integrated and unified management, and higher requirements for the performance, coverage, and especially compatibility of video output devices. For example, the video surveillance system in campus security, the management of the individual from their previous separate management of individual campuses, and gradually rise to the unified management of education management management, you need to integrate a number of units of video surveillance systems, due to the previous unit of video surveillance solutions and applications The platform tends to be complicated and the products used are also different manufacturers. When the video output sets are unified, they will face incompatibility issues. If DVRs or DVSs of different manufacturers are used at the front end, the terminal needs to be uniformly output on the TV wall, which is a challenge for the compatibility of video output devices.
In general, current video output devices are mostly limited to outputting a specific format stream. This means that the front end uses a certain manufacturer's equipment, and the terminal must also use the manufacturer's video output device when it is outputting on the wall. When the video surveillance system is integrated, it brings a lot of trouble, which not only increases the cost, but also brings many difficulties for the unified management of the video wall, and does not meet the application needs of various large-scale monitoring systems.
After nearly 10 years of development of high-definition video codec, the chip's encoding capabilities have greatly improved. Previously to achieve 1080i image quality requires the use of 10 chip encoding, now only two or three can be.
Looking at market demand, the pursuit of better image quality is a very reasonable and timeless requirement for users. With the advent of intelligent monitoring era, in order to meet the monitoring system's requirements for the analysis and processing of video images, such as license plate recognition, face recognition, etc., higher requirements are imposed on image quality, such as high-definition format. This poses greater challenges to the codec capabilities of the chip.
"For our front-end chip manufacturers, the most important thing is to improve the clarity of video images. Our original product resolution can only be about 400 lines. The TW2864 adopts 10-bit ADC and enhanced 4H adaptive comb filtering. The device can make the image sharpness up to 450 lines, and can get better image quality, rich color quality has the sensitivity of the image." TECHWELL Cheng Liming said.
On the other hand, the continuous upgrading of compression algorithms also changes the image quality. With the market's mainstream compression format to H. 264, even more advanced algorithm format development, constantly increasing the compression ratio, and algorithm optimization become the pursuit of chip manufacturers. "In terms of computational complexity, MPEG-4 is four times more complex than JPEG, and H.264 is more than three times more complex than MPEG4. In addition to the basic requirements of decoder compatibility and encoder compression quality, high-speed system architecture, memory bandwidth, High-efficiency DMA controllers and even multi-core parallel processing are the key to excellent SoC performance."
Judging from the products introduced by the mainstream chip manufacturers in the current market, most products support HD formats. For example, ADI's ADV202 and 212 products can support high-definition formats. TI's DM355 can support MPEG4 real-time encoding at 720p, with a code rate of 4Mbp to 8Mbps, which can be used as the core processor of HD network cameras or HD video servers. It is understood that TI can support H at 720p. The 264 real-time encoding chip is also coming soon. The birth of high-definition encoding chips will enable video surveillance products to achieve higher image quality at a lower code stream.
In recent years, the security monitoring market in China has developed rapidly and has attracted worldwide attention. DVR products have taken the lead in the domestic monitoring industry's mainstream products for 5 or 6 years. Under the guidance of digital surveillance technology, the domestic surveillance market has experienced explosive growth. The annual growth rate of DVR alone exceeds 40%. With the development of the market towards deepening, the network monitoring, intelligentization and platformization of digital surveillance products It is also increasingly evident.
The double coding technology and the matrix review, digital video recorder (DVR) development has been for many years, in general, the rapid development of a variety of new technologies, new products, new concepts emerge in endlessly, but the video definition, video costs It is always the two most important factors in the surveillance system. Video resolution has a lot to do with video coding parameters such as image quality, resolution, bit rate, frame structure, etc. Video cost has a lot to do with compression efficiency. To achieve high image quality, video cost is bound to increase. To reduce video costs, it will inevitably affect the image quality.
In specific applications, how do you balance these two factors? To this end, Hikvision proposes and implements "dynamically adjusted coding parameters" technology.
"Dynamic adjustment of coding parameters" means that the coding parameters are adjusted at the same time when the recording is not started or stopped (without switching the recording file). In a specific application, for static or general monitoring scenes, the corresponding coding parameters are adjusted so that the video is kept at a very low bit rate, and when the image changes or an alarm occurs, the corresponding coding parameters can be adjusted to achieve high quality. The parameters that can be dynamically modified include the following: resolution, video quality, rate control, frame rate control, and frame structure.
Since the above parameters can be dynamically modified, it is possible to maintain the continuity of the image without frequent file switching, that is, to meet the requirement for high image quality at a critical moment, and save hard disk space.
Network monitoring is another important requirement after the banking system completes the digital transformation. Especially for unattended off-line ATMs, network monitoring is an important means for efficient operation and maintenance. The monitoring center not only can understand the DVR online in real time. The status can also be used to view real-time images of police conditions in real time, which has changed the status quo of post-processing through video composites to some extent.
For the financial industry, the clarity of the video must be ensured. In this case, the video data is large, and the network resources are limited. Therefore, the network bandwidth becomes the bottleneck for the transmission of video data. In order to solve this problem, Hikvision proposes and implements dual coding technology.
The output stream's video quality, resolution, frame rate, bit rate, and other video parameters can be set independently. The two streams generated in this way can satisfy different application requirements, such as the main stream used for recording and the substream used for network transmission. With the development of video surveillance applications and the development of coding technologies, the realization of multi-coding technology will become possible, so that multiple code streams can meet the needs of different transmission channels and different applications, such as Gigabit network, VPN private network, ADSL. Transmission channels such as wireless networks, and important users, general users, etc., can transmit video data of different bit rates and different image qualities.
For the traditional CCTV monitoring center, the matrix is ​​a very important device, it mainly completes video switching, PTZ control and other functions, and can also be programmed to set the switching rules, the number of video switching path depends on the matrix host backplane Switching capabilities, switching is achieved through the circuit. Hikvision proposes and implements a digital matrix for digital surveillance and implements it on two platforms.
For a single DVR, it is actually a video switching matrix based on the data bus. For PC-type DVRs, the number of input video channels is the number of video and audio compression cards. All the video can be switched to the graphics card. By adding a decoder card, multiple channels of video can be switched to the decoding output channel (how many the number of output channels depends? How much to decode the card). The total number of paths that can be switched depends mainly on the bandwidth of the bus. In addition, switching rules and PTZ control can be easily set through the PC platform. For the embedded DVR, the number of input video channels is the number of video input channels of the DVR, and the number of output channels is generally at least one way. Some DVRs output two or four channels, and the DVR can also set the switching rules and can perform PTZ control.
For an IP network-based monitoring system, the front-end video input, IP network equipment, back-end decoding equipment, and control equipment together form a digital matrix based on IP switching.
The number of video input channels depends on the number of front-end video channels that the control terminal can access. The number of video output channels depends on the number of decoding servers and the number of decoding channels for each server. It also depends on the bandwidth of the IP network. The switching rules are set by the console, and the console can conveniently perform PTZ control at the same time.
Compared with the traditional analog matrix, the digital matrix has strong flexibility in the setting of the switching rules, the friendliness of the switching interface, and the handling of the switching screen. At the same time, the scalability of the switching path number is also more convenient and the cost is higher. low.
For the processing of switching screens, there is no need for a screen splitter. On the DSP platform, it is possible to realize the screen split line and output the video in units of windows. In short, the digital matrix has more potential for development.
The video output video monitoring system in the video surveillance system is generally composed of front-end equipment (cameras, lenses, pan/tilts, protective covers, brackets, decoders, alarm probes, spotlights, etc.), central control equipment (hard disk recorders, matrix hosts, alarm boxes , video distributor, etc.) and display equipment (VGA, monitor, video wall).
Many video surveillance projects nowadays use video walls as display devices. The control room can display any camera image on the TV wall monitor through matrix switching. The use of the TV wall for monitoring has intuitive and convenient features that facilitate the monitoring personnel to real-timely find the monitored The abnormal situation of the target. In the field of surveillance, video wall monitoring can only be monitored in real time and cannot be played back. Therefore, it is often necessary to use a DVR together with a video matrix to form a complete monitoring system.
Among them, the realization of the video wall, that is, the video output has a variety of ways. The video output card is a kind of video output device with strong compatibility. It outputs the YUV data after the soft solution on the monitor, so it is suitable for the front end. A large-scale monitoring system composed of a variety of manufacturers' coding equipment.
At present, with the increasing popularity of video surveillance and the maturing of technologies, the application of video surveillance management in various industries presents a trend of integration and unification, that is, the point-based distribution of individual management entities in the past has gradually shifted to the point of distribution. Connected lines, lines paved, three-dimensional intertwined networked unified management.
This trend has led to a wider use of video surveillance, more diversified management objects, more integrated and unified management, and higher requirements for the performance, coverage, and especially compatibility of video output devices. For example, the video surveillance system in campus security, the management of the individual from their previous separate management of individual campuses, and gradually rise to the unified management of education management management, you need to integrate a number of units of video surveillance systems, due to the previous unit of video surveillance solutions and applications The platform tends to be complicated and the products used are also different manufacturers. When the video output sets are unified, they will face incompatibility issues. If DVRs or DVSs of different manufacturers are used at the front end, the terminal needs to be uniformly output on the TV wall, which is a challenge for the compatibility of video output devices.
In general, current video output devices are mostly limited to outputting a specific format stream. This means that the front end uses a certain manufacturer's equipment, and the terminal must also use the manufacturer's video output device when it is outputting on the wall. When the video surveillance system is integrated, it brings a lot of trouble, which not only increases the cost, but also brings many difficulties for the unified management of the video wall, and does not meet the application needs of various large-scale monitoring systems.
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