Symptoms of calcium deficiency in apple trees: Early forms of bitter pox, subcutaneously spongy without rot. The red spots and black spots formed before harvest should be distinguished as invasive diseases or physiological diseases. Red spots and black spots formed by invasive diseases rapidly expand and penetrate into the flesh and rot. Red spots and black spots formed by calcium deficiency, the depression shrinks into black sputum and does not rot, also known as bitter acne disease. Gently remove the epidermis with a knife. If the skin is spongy, it is a calcium deficiency symptom formed during the fruit enlargement. If the subcutaneous flesh is normal, it is a calcium deficiency symptom formed during fruit ripening. Calcium-deficient apples disappeared due to cell-to-cell adhesion. The cell wall and the middle gelatin layer became soft and the cells ruptured. Not only did the above-mentioned calcium deficiency symptoms appear before harvesting, but also bitter pox disease, water heart disease, and molting. Soft and other symptoms.
Causes of calcium deficiency: First, severe calcium deficiency in the soil; second, due to climatic factors affecting the transportation of calcium.
1. Calcium ions move slowly in plants, and calcium supplementation from the soil is also a very slow process. The transport of calcium in the xylem depends on the transpiration of the leaves, and the mature leaves have a strong transpiration and rich calcium. Top buds, weak buds and inner sputum, lower branches with poor illumination, less transpiration and less calcium. The transport of calcium in the phloem is weak, and the calcium in the mature leaves is basically not reusable by the young leaves, root tips, shoot growth points and fruits. Therefore, the calcium deficiency of apple plants is first manifested in the apical, growth, young leaves and the new tissue of the fruit, which is the intrinsic cause of calcium deficiency in apples.
2. Reviewing the experience of history and the reality of calcium deficiency symptoms in recent years, the external causes of calcium deficiency in fruit trees: 1 fruit tree fertilization long-term chemical fertilizers, the effective medium and trace elements in the soil are exhausted, and it has become a serious calcium deficiency state. 2 Apply a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to inhibit the absorption of calcium. 3 severe drought, soil moisture reduced to less than 50% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil, the leaf wilting, that is, the transpiration function weakened, affecting the transportation of calcium. 4 water accumulation into sputum, calcium and other elemental deficiency will occur at the same time. 5 Before the harvest, the fruit is rapidly inflated, and the long-term rainy rain has no light, which affects the transportation of calcium, and there will be serious red spots, black spots, black sputum and other calcium deficiency symptoms.
Prevention and treatment of calcium deficiency:
1. Going out of the misunderstanding of chemical fertilizers, the autumn base fertilizer, mainly based on farmyard manure and high-quality organic fertilizer, is applied with 30-40 kg of siliceous calcium fertilizer per acre (such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, superphosphate, etc.). Improve the effective calcium content in the soil by increasing the soil organic matter and the fertility of medium and trace elements. Because calcium ions are transported slowly in the tree, it may not be effective in the past. But persisting for several years is an inevitable way to solve calcium deficiency fundamentally.
2. Soil calcium supplementation. In March, the first growth peak of the root system was 20 to 25 kg per mu.
3. Foliar calcium supplementation. Use amino acid calcium 300 times solution or other chelated calcium liquid fertilizer. In the germination stage, flowering stage, flowering stage, young fruit stage, and bagging of apples, the fruit is sprayed 5 to 6 times. This is calcium supplementation.
The shortcut will get good results in the same year.
4. By pruning, create a good lighting condition for the inner and lower branches of the canopy.
5. In case of drought, timely watering. In the orchard with no water pouring conditions, the grass or the hole is used to store the fertilizer water, so that the soil always maintains the maximum water holding capacity of 60% to 70%.
6. Thicken the soil layer under the canopy, repair the drainage ditch inside and outside the orchard, and drain into the rainy season to prevent water from accumulating under the tree.
7. Before the fruit is harvested, the fruit is inflated. When it encounters a long period of rain and rain (the rainy weather), it is necessary to catch the rainless day, grab the time to spray the fruit 300 times of amino acid calcium, and spray the wet fruit bag with the fruit.
8. Before harvesting the apples, use 300-400 times amino acid calcium solution to spray fruit or wash the fruit to prevent red spots, black spots, bitter pox, molting, molting, and water during storage. Symptoms such as heart disease.
Farmers Daily
Causes of calcium deficiency: First, severe calcium deficiency in the soil; second, due to climatic factors affecting the transportation of calcium.
1. Calcium ions move slowly in plants, and calcium supplementation from the soil is also a very slow process. The transport of calcium in the xylem depends on the transpiration of the leaves, and the mature leaves have a strong transpiration and rich calcium. Top buds, weak buds and inner sputum, lower branches with poor illumination, less transpiration and less calcium. The transport of calcium in the phloem is weak, and the calcium in the mature leaves is basically not reusable by the young leaves, root tips, shoot growth points and fruits. Therefore, the calcium deficiency of apple plants is first manifested in the apical, growth, young leaves and the new tissue of the fruit, which is the intrinsic cause of calcium deficiency in apples.
2. Reviewing the experience of history and the reality of calcium deficiency symptoms in recent years, the external causes of calcium deficiency in fruit trees: 1 fruit tree fertilization long-term chemical fertilizers, the effective medium and trace elements in the soil are exhausted, and it has become a serious calcium deficiency state. 2 Apply a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to inhibit the absorption of calcium. 3 severe drought, soil moisture reduced to less than 50% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil, the leaf wilting, that is, the transpiration function weakened, affecting the transportation of calcium. 4 water accumulation into sputum, calcium and other elemental deficiency will occur at the same time. 5 Before the harvest, the fruit is rapidly inflated, and the long-term rainy rain has no light, which affects the transportation of calcium, and there will be serious red spots, black spots, black sputum and other calcium deficiency symptoms.
Prevention and treatment of calcium deficiency:
1. Going out of the misunderstanding of chemical fertilizers, the autumn base fertilizer, mainly based on farmyard manure and high-quality organic fertilizer, is applied with 30-40 kg of siliceous calcium fertilizer per acre (such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, superphosphate, etc.). Improve the effective calcium content in the soil by increasing the soil organic matter and the fertility of medium and trace elements. Because calcium ions are transported slowly in the tree, it may not be effective in the past. But persisting for several years is an inevitable way to solve calcium deficiency fundamentally.
2. Soil calcium supplementation. In March, the first growth peak of the root system was 20 to 25 kg per mu.
3. Foliar calcium supplementation. Use amino acid calcium 300 times solution or other chelated calcium liquid fertilizer. In the germination stage, flowering stage, flowering stage, young fruit stage, and bagging of apples, the fruit is sprayed 5 to 6 times. This is calcium supplementation.
The shortcut will get good results in the same year.
4. By pruning, create a good lighting condition for the inner and lower branches of the canopy.
5. In case of drought, timely watering. In the orchard with no water pouring conditions, the grass or the hole is used to store the fertilizer water, so that the soil always maintains the maximum water holding capacity of 60% to 70%.
6. Thicken the soil layer under the canopy, repair the drainage ditch inside and outside the orchard, and drain into the rainy season to prevent water from accumulating under the tree.
7. Before the fruit is harvested, the fruit is inflated. When it encounters a long period of rain and rain (the rainy weather), it is necessary to catch the rainless day, grab the time to spray the fruit 300 times of amino acid calcium, and spray the wet fruit bag with the fruit.
8. Before harvesting the apples, use 300-400 times amino acid calcium solution to spray fruit or wash the fruit to prevent red spots, black spots, bitter pox, molting, molting, and water during storage. Symptoms such as heart disease.
Farmers Daily
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