The use of solar energy is currently at the forefront of cross-disciplinary research in the fields of physics, energy, and materials. Perovskite-type organic-inorganic hybrid materials are new types of photovoltaic materials that have attracted much attention in the past two years. Their photoelectric conversion efficiency has rapidly risen to 17.9% (verified by an authoritative organization). Recently, the record has been refreshed to 19.3% (Science magazine), and there is hope to reach the level of 25% of crystalline silicon cells. Professor Xiao Lixin, Prof. Zhu Rui, and Prof. Gong Qihuang, members of the National Natural Science Foundation of China’s Institute for Sightseeing and Femtosecond Physics, have actively carried out relevant frontier research and achieved a series of important progress.
The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite photovoltaic material is a new type of photovoltaic material formed by combining organic units with inorganic units through ion bonding, and has an AMX3 lattice structure, in which A is an organic cation such as CH3NH3+, and M is a divalent metal. Ions such as Pb2+, Sn2+, etc., and X is a halide ion such as Cl-, Br-, or I-. The inorganic unit forms an interconnect structure to provide carrier transport, so that this kind of material has a high charge transport capability; the organic unit can stabilize its structure and improve the material solubility, so that the material can be processed into a film by a solution. Compared with other types of solar cells, the mesostructured perovskite type photovoltaic cell has the advantages of low cost, wide absorption spectrum, high absorption coefficient, and simple manufacturing process, thus attracting widespread attention from the academic and industrial circles.
The study found that the crystalline morphology of perovskite photovoltaic materials is crucial to their optoelectronic properties. Prof. Xiao Lixin and Prof. Gong Qihuang collaborated with Prof. Chaochao Wu and Prof. Hou Wei of Xi’an Jiaotong University to pass a step-by-step solution film forming method. The optimization of the perovskite-doped chlorinite materials makes it easier to control the microtopography and improve the device efficiency compared to the one-step solution film formation method. Further study of the deposition conditions of the perovskite film materials and realization of perovskite films The regulation of morphology has led to the successful production of mesostructured perovskite solar cells, while increasing the solar cell's light-absorbing capacity and charge transfer ability. The results of the study were published in the cover article of Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 12458 and Nanoscale, respectively. 2014, 6,8171. The innovative research group also developed a new type of hydrophobic hole-transport material to improve the stability of the device in view of the stability problem that perovskite batteries need to be solved (Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 11196). Work has applied for Chinese invention patents.
Dr. Zhu Rui and Academician Gong Qihuang, fellows of the “Thousand Young People†researched the interfacial engineering problems in perovskite solar cells, using an alkali metal salt to modify the surface of the transparent conductive electrode, optimizing the material between the transparent electrode and the perovskite active layer material. The energy level matching achieves a perovskite-type solar structure that does not rely on oxide dense layers, and the device's photoelectric conversion efficiency can reach 15.1%. The results show that the interface modification engineering can replace the conventional dense oxide film and realize the effective collection of electrons. This will help to simplify the device fabrication process, and at the same time, the perovskite solar cell still maintains good device performance. The work will soon be published on the ACS Nano (accepted), and related results have also applied for Chinese invention patents.
In this research work, doctoral students Ma Yingzhuang, Zheng Lingling and Hu Qin played an important role as the first author of related papers. Professor Chen Zhijian, Associate Professor Wang Shufeng, Associate Professor Qu Bo and others participated in the research work. The research work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, and the “2011 Plan†Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum Chemicals.
It is a typical silicate material made of natural raw materials such as feldspar, clay and quartz. The main constituent elements are silicon, aluminum and oxygen. These three elements account for 90% of the total amount of crust elements. Low cost and mature technology. Such ceramics can be divided into daily-use ceramics, architectural ceramics, electrical insulating ceramics, chemical ceramics, etc. according to their performance characteristics and uses. It is made of high-purity synthetic raw materials and is formed by precision control process. It generally has some special properties to meet various needs. According to its main components, there are oxide ceramics, nitride ceramics, carbide ceramics, cermets, etc.; special ceramics have special mechanical, optical, acoustic, electrical, magnetic, thermal and other properties. According to different uses, special ceramic materials can be divided into structural ceramics, tool ceramics, and functional ceramics.
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