Spring orchard cheats in the spring is the initial stage of the occurrence of various pests and diseases. In this period, the number of pests and diseases is small, and it is easier to control. Doing a good job in the prevention and control of various diseases, pests and weeds in spring fruit trees can greatly reduce the risk of prevention and control in summer and autumn, and lay a solid foundation for the high yield of fruit trees in that year. The key is the use of drugs. Proper medication can often have a multiplier effect. This edition introduces a set of key technical measures for the spring use of the orchard. The purchase of pesticides before the purchase of pesticides, we must first clear the target of prevention and treatment, and to treat the problem, to prescribe the right medicine. Pay attention to the following points when purchasing pesticides, so as not to buy fake drugs and cause losses. First, the pesticides purchased must have four certificates: pesticide registration certificate, production license, pesticide standard number, and product certification. For those who are incomplete in the four cards, it is necessary to prevent "counterfeiting". The second is to pay attention to the effective period of pesticide use. Generally, the effective period of the pesticide is 1 year, the powder is 2 years, and the emulsifiable oil is 3 years. You can specifically look at the date of manufacture and the validity period of the trademark. The third is to look at the pesticides, the packaging should be intact without damage or spillage, the powder pesticides are not agglomerated, the emulsion pesticides are not stratified, the water pesticides are not precipitated, the granular pesticides meet the standards, and the particle size is well-proportioned. Fourth, it is best to choose a pesticide with multiple effects (multi-effect) to achieve a multi-drug effect. Pesticide placement: Pesticides are toxic to humans, poultry, etc. They must be stored separately and separated from food, humans and animals. It is best to have separate pesticide storage rooms and storage boxes to avoid human or livestock ingestion or chronic poisoning. . Proper mixing of reasonable pesticides can improve the efficacy, cure several pests and diseases, reduce the dosage, reduce the cost, and sometimes improve the efficacy, reduce the toxicity, reduce the resistance of the pests to the medicament, or prevent the disease that has developed resistance. insect. Some pesticides are mixed in advance by the factory and mixed with water. Liquid dosage forms such as emulsifiable concentrates and wettable powders can be mixed and used. Pesticide blending should have a clear purpose, and the principles followed include that 1 is cost-effective and does not affect the chemical stability of the active ingredient and does not destroy the physical properties of the agent. 2 After mixing, the toxicity is not increased, and the toxicity and residue are not higher than the single agent. 3 The efficacy of the drug is reasonable, one must treat different pests and diseases; the second is to have synergistic effect, and actively promote the use of pesticide synergists, such as multi-functional plant synergists; the third is to pay attention to the cooperation of different modes of action. 4 Most of the mixed pesticides should be used as needed. For the new mixed formula, it needs to be tested before use. Note that pesticides are forbidden to be mixed in the following cases: 1 pesticides that are easily decomposed by alkaline substances to reduce the efficacy or even fail, cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides, such as phoxim, pyrethroids, etc. A mixture of alkaline agents such as mixture and Bordeaux mixture is used. 2 The pesticides that have a destructive effect on the emulsion after mixing cannot be mixed. 3 Organic sulfur and organophosphorus pesticides cannot be mixed with pesticides containing copper preparations. 4 Microbial-derived insecticides and systemic organophosphorus pesticides cannot be mixed with fungicides. Safety interval Safety interval refers to the period from the last application to the period of grazing, harvesting (harvesting), use, and consumption of crops, from the time after spraying to the time when the residue is reduced to the maximum allowable residue. In the orchard, the last spray and harvest must be greater than the safe interval to prevent human and animal poisoning. The safe interval of pesticides commonly used in orchards is: 40% dimethoate 7 days; 50% chlorpyrifos 15 days; 20% dicofol emulsifiable concentrate for 45 days; 10% permethrin 3 days; 75% chlorothalonil Wettable powder for 20 days; 2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable oil for 5 days; 20% fast killing butyl emulsifiable concentrate for 14 days; 50% bromo oxime ester emulsifiable concentrate for 21 days; 50% of chlorhexidine WP for 7 days; %Bile WP WP for 14 days; 25% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate for 21 days; 25% diflubenzuron WP for 14 days; 5% of Fuling emulsifiable concentrate for 14 days; 20% of chlorpyrifos for 30 days; % gram emulsifiable concentrate for 30 days. Application of Herbicide III Note 1. Correctly master the period and dosage of the drug: Some herbicides are mainly soil treatment, and some are sprayed with stems, leaves and plants. It is necessary to use the medicine according to the type of weed in the orchard at the most appropriate time. Most of the herbicide dose is calculated on the basis of the active ingredient, and it is not as clear as the other pesticides. Therefore, you need to test and apply it yourself in order to prevent weeds in a timely and effective manner. Second, strict operating procedures: read the instructions and precautions when using. In addition to the purpose of mixing the two herbicides for synergy, do not mix them together. It is best to use special spray equipment when spraying to prevent spraying other herbicides after spraying the herbicide, causing phytotoxicity due to residual herbicides. Pay attention to evenness when spraying, and do not spray the medicine on the branches and leaves of the fruit. When using, choose a spray when there is no wind on sunny days. Some herbicides have corrosive effects on metal containers such as iron (such as glyphosate). Plastic drums or porcelain containers should be used. Third, pay attention to labor protection: wear overalls, wear masks, gloves and glasses during handling, preparation and spraying. In case of contact with the skin, rinse immediately with water. If there are symptoms of pesticide poisoning during operation, stop working immediately and go to the hospital for treatment to prevent accidents. Measures to avoid drug resistance With the continuous use of pesticides on fruit trees, pests are more and more susceptible to drug resistance, which affects the normal growth of fruit trees. We should take various measures to avoid the resistance of pests. 1. Comprehensive prevention and control: In the process of controlling pests, it is necessary to overcome the tendency of relying solely on chemical pesticides, and should advocate comprehensive prevention and control measures such as agriculture, physics and biology, and cooperate with each other to learn from each other. 2. Rotational medication: Do not use a single variety of agents for a long time to cut off the formation of resistant populations in the biota. Rotational medication should try to use different agents with different mechanisms of action, such as the use of organophosphorus preparations, pyrethroid preparations, and carbamate preparations; endogenous fungicides are easy to cause drug resistance, and should be substituted with arsenic, inorganic sulfur, and copper. Rotate use; stone sulfur mixture does not produce resistance to pests. 3. Mixed use: Mixing two agents with different modes of action and mechanism can also slow down the occurrence of drug resistance, such as the combination of toxic mycelium and mancozeb, and the combination of organophosphorus and pyrethroid. 4, the use of synergists: synergists can inhibit the insecticide decomposition enzyme activity of compounds in the pests, can improve the efficacy, such as harm Liping, save money, multi-functional plant synergists. After a pesticide has caused drug resistance, the use of drug resistance within a certain period of time may gradually decrease. 6. Use the correct application technique to evenly distribute the pesticide on the plant.
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