Machining parts on CNC machine tools, the process can be more concentrated, and most or all of the processes are completed as much as possible in one setup. There are several ways to divide the general process:
1) Division process according to part mounting position
Due to the different structural shapes of each part, the technical requirements of each machined surface are also different, so the positioning methods are different when processing. Generally, when the shape is processed, it is positioned in an inner shape; when the inner shape is processed, it is positioned in an outer shape. Therefore, the process can be divided according to the positioning method.
The sheet cam shown in Figure 2-17 can be divided into two processes according to the positioning method. The first process can be performed on a common machine tool. The inner holes of the end faces A and Φ22H7 are machined on the outer circular surface and the B plane, and then the process holes of the end faces B and Φ4H7 are processed; the second process is to position the processed two holes and one end face, and the cam is milled on the numerical control milling machine. Outer surface curve.
Figure 2-17 Chip cam Figure 2-18 Turned parts
2) Roughing and finishing division process
When the process is divided according to factors such as machining accuracy, rigidity and deformation of the part, the process can be divided according to the principle of coarse and fine machining, that is, roughing and finishing. This can be done with different machine tools or different tools. Usually in one installation, it is not allowed to machine a part of the surface of the part before processing the other parts of the part. As shown in Figure 2-18, the majority of the entire part of the part should be removed first, and then the surface of the part is refined to ensure the processing accuracy and surface roughness requirements.
3) According to the tool division process
In order to reduce the number of tool changes, compress the dead time, and reduce unnecessary positioning errors, the parts can be machined according to the method of tool concentration, that is, in one setup, all the parts that may be processed are processed by the same tool as much as possible, and then Then change another knife to process other parts. This method is often used in dedicated CNC machine tools and machining centers.
(2) Division of work steps
The division of work steps is mainly considered from the aspects of machining accuracy and efficiency. It is often necessary to use different tools and cutting amounts in one process to machine different surfaces. In order to facilitate the analysis and description of more complex processes, it is subdivided into steps in the process. The following takes the machining center as an example to illustrate the principle of division of work steps:
1) The same surface is finished in the order of roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing, or the entire surface is separately processed by roughing and finishing.
2) For parts with both milling and boring, the surface can be first boring and then restored for a period of time, which can reduce the influence of the deformation on the accuracy of the hole.
3) Divide the work steps by tool. Some machine tables have shorter turnaround times than tool change times. Worksteps can be divided by tool to reduce the number of tool changes and increase machining productivity.
In short, the division of processes and work steps should be considered comprehensively based on the structural characteristics and technical requirements of specific parts.
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