Specialty ceramics are widely used due to their many excellent properties. A brief description of the properties and types of materials is now available.
(1) Special ceramics with excellent heat resistance are expected to be used as ultra-high temperature materials for high-temperature structural materials related to atomic energy, high-temperature electrode materials, etc.;
(2) Special ceramics with excellent heat insulation can be used as new high-temperature insulation materials for high-temperature heating furnaces, heat treatment furnaces, high-temperature reaction vessels, nuclear reactors, etc.
(3) Special ceramics with excellent thermal conductivity are highly promising as heat sinks with large-scale integrated circuits and ultra-large-scale integrated circuit electronics;
(4) Hard special ceramics with excellent wear resistance are widely used, and the current work is mainly concentrated on bearings and cutting tools;
(5) High-strength ceramics can be used for burners, blades, turbines, bushings, etc. of gas turbines; for machining machines, for machine bodies, bearings, combustion nozzles, etc. At present, there is a lot of work in this area. Many countries, such as the United States, Japan, and Germany, have invested a lot of manpower and material resources to try to achieve a leading position. Such ceramics are nitrogen silicon, silicon carbide, sialon, aluminum nitride, zirconium oxide, etc.;
(6) Lubricating ceramics such as hexagonal boron nitride are extremely attractive, and foreign countries are currently stepping up research;
(7) Bioceramics is currently being used as an artificial tooth, artificial bone, artificial joint, etc. for alumina, phosphorite, etc., and its application has attracted great attention;
(8) Some functional new ceramics (such as far-infrared ceramics) with other special uses have also begun to play their unique role in industrial and civil fields.
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