High carbon steel
The high carbon steel turning tool is made of carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.8% to 1.5%. After quenching and hardening, it is easily tempered and softened by the friction in the cutting. It is replaced by other tools such as high speed steel. Generally only suitable for the cutting of soft metal materials, commonly used are SK1, SK2,,,, SK7 and so on.
2. High speed steel
High-speed steel is a steel-based alloy commonly known as white car knives. Carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.7 to 0.85% is added with alloying elements such as W, Cr, V and Co. For example, 18-4-4 high speed steel material contains 18% tungsten, 4% chromium and 4% vanadium high speed steel. The friction heat generated by high-speed steel turning can be as high as 600 °C, suitable for turning below 1000 rpm and thread turning. Generally, high-speed steel turning tools such as SKH2, SKH4A, SKH5, SKH6, SKH9, etc. are commonly used.
3. Non-cast iron alloy cutter
This is an alloy of cobalt, chromium and tungsten. It is difficult to cut and is made by casting. It is also called super hard alloy. The most representative is stellite, which has excellent tool toughness and wear resistance at 8200C. Its hardness is still unaffected, and its heat resistance is far beyond that of high-speed steel, which is suitable for high-speed and deep cutting work.
4. Sintered carbonization tool
The carbonization tool is a powder metallurgy product. The main component of the tungsten carbide cutter is 50%~90% tungsten, and titanium, molybdenum, niobium and the like are added as cobalt, and then heated and sintered. The hardness of the carbonizing tool is higher than that of any other material, and it is three times that of the hardest high carbon steel. It is suitable for cutting hard metal or stone. Because its material is brittle and hard, it can only be made into a sheet, and then welded to a more toughness. On the shank, when the blade is passivated or cracked, another blade or a new blade can be replaced. This type of turning tool is called a discarded turning tool.
According to the different cutting properties of international standards (ISO), carbonized tools are divided into three categories: P, M, and K, and are identified by three colors: blue, yellow, and red:
Class P is suitable for cutting steel. There are six types of P01, P10, P20, P30, P40 and P50. P01 is a high-speed precision turning tool with small number and high wear resistance. P50 is a low-speed rough turning tool with large number and high toughness. The handle is painted blue to identify it.
Class K is suitable for cutting hard materials such as stone and cast iron. There are five types of K01, K10, K20, K30 and K40. K01 is a high-speed precision turning tool. K40 is a low-speed rough turning tool. These handles are painted in red to identify them.
Class M is between Class P and Class M and is suitable for cutting tough materials. These handles are painted in yellow to identify them.
5. Ceramic turning tool
The ceramic turning tool is made of alumina powder, added with a small amount of elements, and then sintered through high temperature. Its hardness, heat resistance and cutting speed are higher than tungsten carbide, but it is not suitable for discontinuous or heavy turning because of its brittleness. Only suitable for high speed finishing.
6. Diamond cutter
For advanced surface finishing, round or surfaced industrial diamonds can be used for light production. A smoother surface can be obtained, which is mainly used for precision turning of copper alloy or light alloy. High speed must be used during turning. The minimum temperature is 60~100m/min, usually 200~300m/min.
7. Boron nitride
Cubic boron nitride (CBN) is a material popularized in recent years. Its hardness and wear resistance are second only to diamonds. This tool is suitable for processing hard and wear-resistant iron alloys and nickel-based alloys and cobalt-based alloys. The turning tool can be divided into outer circle, shoulder, end face, grooving, cutting, threading and forming turning tools according to the application. There are also turning tools for automatic line and digital control machines.
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