In the United States, die steel is divided into four categories according to the service conditions of the mold. The American Society of Metals Tool Steel Committee lists: cold work die steel, hot work die steel and plastic die steel, plastic mold steel four categories. Among them, cold work die steel is divided into 12 sub-categories, hot work die steel 9 small class, plastic mold steel die steel 2 small class, plastic mold steel 5 small class. The selection of each subcategory depends on three main factors:
The complexity of size and shape,
Processed material,
Durability requirements or design life.
1. Cold work die steel (1)
It is divided into five groups: W group, O group, A group, D group, S group.
Group W is water quenching die steel with 11 steel grades and 7 carbon die steels with carbon content ranging from 0.7% to 1.3%.
Group O is oil quenching and cold working die steel (commonly known as oil steel). There are 4 steel grades with carbon content ranging from 0.85% to 1.55%.
Group A is an air-quenched alloy cold work die steel with 9 steel grades with a carbon content ranging from 0.5% to 2.25%.
Group D, high carbon and high chromium cold work die steel, has 7 steel grades with a carbon content of 0.9%-2.5%.
The S group is an impact-resistant tool steel with 7 steel grades and a carbon content of 0.4%-0.6%.
For cold working molds, high speed steel (HSS group) and ultra high speed steel (SHSS group), cobalt based cemented carbide and steel bonded cemented carbide (HA group), powder steel and engineering ceramics (PIM group), carbon tungsten Tool steel (Group F), special purpose tool steel (Group L).
(2) Selection of cold work die steel
The main series of cold work die steel is high-hard cold work, mainly used for molds requiring high compression and wear resistance, and the hardness is higher than HRC60-62. For molds requiring high impact resistance and high toughness, the hardness is lower than HRC60-62, mainly using S and some Class A and the most common quenched and tempered steel, spring steel, hot work die or base steel. For large stamping dies, such as automotive exterior stampings, cast iron is mainly used. Zinc-based alloys or polymer composites that are simple or have a small lifetime.
The application of high speed steel and ultra high speed steel in cold work dies has grown rapidly. Mainly there is a high "compressive strength / hardness" ratio. And the hardness can be selected between HRC60-70.
Powder mold steel has excellent wear life, hardness is not high HRC60-62, and the application is quite large.
Carbon tool steel still has a certain range of applications in punch or soft material stamping die with a life of 100,000 pieces.
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