First, sheath blight
After the wheat is infected by R. solanacearum, there are symptoms such as rotten buds, dead seedlings, stalks of flower stalks, and white ears of dried plants at various growth stages. The main symptoms are: 1 rotten bud, bud sheath browning, post bud dead and rot, can not be unearthed. 2 The diseased seedling died and occurred in the 3~4 leaf stage. At the beginning, only the first leaf sheath was gray in the middle, and the brown spot was surrounded by the new leaves, and the diseased seedlings died. 3 flower stalks rotten stems, after the jointing, the middle gray, the edge of the light brown cloud-like lesions on the basal sheath, after the fusion of the lesions, the base of the stem is moire.
Generally, the onset temperature is about 20 °C. Where the winter is warmer, the temperature rises faster in the early spring, more cloudy days, high temperature and rainy in March to May, and heavy in the years when the light is insufficient, and vice versa. Winter wheat is planted too early, and there are many opportunities for pathogen infection in autumn and autumn, and the disease has a high winter base. After rejuvenation, the disease spreads rapidly and the incidence is heavy. Appropriate late sowing is mild. Heavy fertilizer light organic fertilizer, heavy nitrogen fertilizer light phosphorus potassium fertilizer incidence. The high sand land is similar to the clay soil, and the clay soil is heavier than the saline soil.
Prevention and treatment methods: Prevention of wheat sheath blight should be carried out in a timely manner at a suitable time, rationally planted, avoiding excessive density, rational fertilization, and timely weeding. Focus on seed dressing, seedlings can be used in suspension of seed coatings of 2 to 20 ml of water and water in the range of 100 to 200 ml; in the wheat re-greening joint period, use 5% jinggangmycin water 150-200 ml per acre or 15 % triazolone wettable powder 50 ~ 100 grams can also be used 50% carbendazim wettable powder 50 ~ 100 grams of water 60 ~ 75 kg spray.
Second, total erosion
Wheat total etch is a root rot and stem rot disease. Wheat can be infected throughout its growth period. The seedlings were invaded, the mild symptoms were not obvious, the weight was significantly dwarfed, the leaves became lighter, the bottom leaves were yellow, and the tillers were reduced. Similar to the drought and lack of fertilizer, the visible seed roots and underground stems turned grayish black. In severe cases, the secondary roots turn black and the plants die. This symptom is particularly evident from the time of filling to maturity. In the case of moisture, the discolored part of the rhizome forms a "black foot" symptom of the base rot. Eventually, the plants are dead and form "white spikes". Peeling off the base sheath of the diseased part, you can see the "black plaster" that is unique to the total erosion. The humidity of the soil is conducive to the development of the disease, and the incidence of the disease is heavy in the late autumn or spring rain. Alkaline soil causes serious disease, that is, the occurrence of PH higher than 7 is serious.
Control method: The disease is a soil-borne disease, which can be seeded with 0.02%-0.03% of the seed weight by 12% triazole alcohol wettable powder before sowing. Increasing the application of phosphate fertilizer can reduce the disease.
Third, root rot
In arid and semi-arid areas, stem-based rot and root rot are caused; in addition to the above symptoms, the wet area also causes leaf spots, stems and ears, and the neck is dry; after the wheat buds are damaged, they are brown and dead, and the seedlings are damaged by the buds. Produce strips or irregular brown spots, and the young seedlings become brown and rot, called seedling rot. In severe cases, the young shoots can not be unearthed and die; in the tillering stage, brown spots appear in the rhizome, brown rot occurs in the sheath, and seedlings can be killed in severe cases. The light disease seedlings can be headed, and the base of the stem can be browned, and the epidermis of the root hair is shed. The incidence of adult plants is easily recognizable and will not be confused with fertilizer. The temperature before winter is 15 to 20 °C for a long time. Soil stickiness or low terrain can also aggravate the onset.
Control method: 1 seed dressing, using 25% powder rust or 50% thiram or 50% chlorhexidine wettable powder seed dressing amount of 0.2% of the seed weight. 2 Pharmacy prevention and treatment, timely illness and timely protection of the first time in the wheat flowering period, the second time in the early stage of wheat milk, there are 25% triadimefon and 50% thiram WP.
Fourth, viral disease
Both the autumn seedling stage and the greening stage can occur. The typical symptom is that the new leaves start to yellow from the tip of the leaf, the plants become shorter, and the leaves are golden yellow to bright yellow. Winter wheat can be infected at all stages of yellow dwarf disease. Generally, the leaves of the wheat are gingerish plants with different degrees of dwarfing. When the seedlings are affected, the leaves gradually turn green, and the yellow-green stripes appear parallel to the veins. After that, they are bright yellow. The plants grow slowly, obviously dwarf, less tillers, and the roots are shallow and easy to pull up. At the jointing stage, it usually begins to yellow from 1 to 2 leaves under the new leaves. From top to bottom, it extends from the tip of the leaf along the vein to the leaf body. The leaf color is slightly deeper, narrower, thicker and more brittle. Lustrous. The plants are not dwarfed. At the booting stage, only the flag leaves are yellow, gradually extending from the tip, the root system is not perfect, the main root is short, the secondary roots are few, and the dwarf is not dwarfed.
The occurrence and prevalence of wheat yellow dwarf disease is related to the amount of local aphid and the amount of rain and temperature. In autumn, the wheat seedlings have more precipitation after they are unearthed, and there are fewer winged mites, so the incidence is less in autumn; Generally speaking, in autumn, the drought temperature is high, the spring temperature rises rapidly, and it is a serious disease epidemic year; the autumn is rainy and the spring drought is a light illness year; if the autumn and spring are rainy, the general incidence is mild. The virus can only be permanently transmitted through the wheat bifurcation, the cereal tube, the wheat long tube and the corn tube.
Prevention and treatment methods: 1 treatment of phlegm and disease prevention. Timely prevention and control of aphids is an effective measure to prevent the prevalence of yellow dwarf disease. Seed dressing, seed dressing with 0.5% seedlings or 0.3% dimethoate. Spray medicine 40% dimethoate 1000-1500 times liquid or 2.5% fluvalinate, cypermethrin EC 2000-4000 times liquid. 2 Strengthen the cultivation and management of the late-time broadcast: increase the application of base fertilizer, early topdressing, etc., have a certain effect on reducing the disease.
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