At present, the rare metal mining process is simple, the personal interests drive short-term behaviors, and the lack of supervision by local management departments are the main reasons for the current chaos in the non-ferrous metals industry. The cost of normal mining enterprises is much higher than that of private enterprises. Some enterprises have serious tax evasion and low prices, which have led to the declining pricing power of the whole industry. Foreign countries have taken the opportunity to hoard large amounts of rare metals in China. Once the market price has rebounded or increased, foreign countries will Sufficient storage reduces the price of rare metals in China.
"This friction, we still hope to negotiate through dialogue. If the lawsuit is filed, the situation will be more tense. We are currently preparing for the dialogue and hope to further consultation." On June 25, a person from the Ministry of Commerce "China Business News" reporter said.
On June 23, the EU and the United States claimed that they would file a lawsuit against the World Trade Organization (WTO) on China's restrictions on exporting rare metals. However, the first step would be to send a delegation to negotiate with China. On June 24, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce received a request for consultations from the European Union and the United States on China's raw material export restrictions.
This seems to indicate that in the context of the financial crisis, the competition for strategic resources and the renewed warming of trade disputes in the world.
In fact, the friction caused by the export of China's rare resources is not the first time. Reporters learned from the Ministry of Commerce, in 2005, the export of EU coke with China but had had friction.
"Last friction is caused due to increase export tariffs, finally solved through dialogue, when we are in the domestic resource constraints of the state." The Commerce Department official told reporters.
“The current financial crisis, in order to develop the economy, the need for resources is more urgent. The original intention of China is to better solve the problem of domestic resource shortage and environment. China is a resource-poor country, considering the current situation in China, our industry is facing a transformation and upgrading of industrial structure adjustment, on the one hand by the lack of resource constraints, on the one hand but also by environmental constraints, so the protection of rare mineral resources from the roots of the Chinese Vice Minister of the State Council development Research Center of Foreign economic Research Department " Zhao Jinping told reporters.
Export restrictions
Factors causing the EU and US "disturbed" in China in recent years is the introduction of the new regulations on rare earths, coke, bauxite and other scarce resources exports.
It is reported that in the 1980s and 1990s, China implemented a tariff policy for export tax rebates for rare metal exports. However, it led to domestic indiscriminate excavation and abnormal export, so the country began to protect these strategic resources from excessively rapid consumption.
In 2005, the Chinese government began to adjust the export tariffs on rare metals, but the results were not obvious. Taking rare earth as an example, in 2005, China abolished the export tax rebate policy for rare earth products; in November 2006, China imposed a 10% export tariff on rare earth oxides. However, the export volume of rare earths in the country is still increasing rapidly. At present, at least 80% of the rare earth resources consumed in the world are supplied by China. Compared with 1990, the export volume of rare earths in China has increased by 9 times.
China's rare earth reserves rank first in the world, and its production areas are mainly concentrated in Baotou in Inner Mongolia and Zhangzhou in Jiangxi. According to the current consumption rate, the world's largest rare earth mine Baotou Bayan Obo deposit will disappear within 30 years; the Jiangxi Quzhou rare earth resource mine, known as the "World Tungsten Capital", will be exhausted within 20 years.
It is against this background that on June 1, 2007, China implemented a new tariff program on the export of resource products to further increase the export tariffs on rare metal ore and related products such as tungsten, rare earth and molybdenum, from 5% to 15%.
The role played by this series of measures is obvious. The reporter learned from the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Land and Resources that as early as 2005, the department issued a tungsten ore industry management and supervision method for one of the rare metals, limiting the outflow of resources from the production. The regulations stipulate that the total amount of tungsten mining shall be controlled. Before November 15th, the mining enterprise shall submit the mining application index for the next year to the local and county-level land and resources bureaus, which shall be submitted to the Ministry of Land and Resources for approval after being reviewed by the Provincial Department of Land and Resources; The total amount of responsibility system for mining and mining enterprises shall be signed by the Provincial Department of Land and Resources and the mining enterprises with an annual output of more than 300 tons. The Municipal Land and Resources Bureau shall sign the responsibility with the mining enterprises with an annual output of less than 300 tons.
"The United States and Europe have jointly protested China's restrictions on exporting rare metals. They are also considering their own positions. But I fully agree with China's restrictions on exporting rare metals," an official of the Jiangxi Development and Reform Commission, who asked not to be named, told reporters that "Japan has already It has hoarded a lot of rare metals imported from China. After all, this is an important strategic resource of the country and should be valued and protected by the state. Last year, the local policy of rare metal 'limited price protection' in Jiangxi was triggered by the media.
Regarding the shortcomings of China's rare metal resources industry, Liu Hui, who has worked in the production technology department of Jiangxi Tungsten Group Co., Ltd. for more than 20 years, has a deep understanding: “The total amount of rare metal resources is out of control, the mining order is chaotic, and the overcapacity makes reserves. Every year, the state-owned enterprises have a large amount of mining and production plans every year; while the local private enterprises are self-reliant, policies and industry regulations are difficult to supervise in place, and the situation of chaos and excavation is serious, resulting in market price abuse and low price dumping. Oversupply, affecting the production and operation of normal enterprises."
According to Liu, the current rare metal mining process is simple, personal interests drive short-term behavior, and inadequate supervision by local management departments are the main reasons for the current chaos in the non-ferrous metals industry. The cost of normal mining enterprises is much higher than that of private enterprises. Some enterprises have serious tax evasion and low prices, which have led to the declining pricing power of the whole industry. Foreign countries have taken the opportunity to hoard large amounts of rare metals in China. Once the market price has rebounded or increased, foreign countries will Sufficient storage reduces the price of rare metals in China.
"The state has taken advantage of the outflow of a large number of rare metal resources to restrict the exploitation and export of resources. As a business, it is more beneficial than harm, which is conducive to China's promotion of discourse and pricing power on rare metals."
"The core technology is still abroad"
"These restrictions have little effect on the export of rare metals in Jiangxi. The total volume of mining and exports is down, but the export of extended products is increasing. At the same time, the country has a corresponding quota system every year. The total amount of exports controlled by the state makes it rare. The metal industry can develop in an orderly manner, rather than blindly and wastefully mining," an industry investor told reporters.
At present, Jiangtung Group accounts for 20%~30% of the total output value of mixed rare earths in China. Its Yanzhou Rare Earth Mining Co., Ltd. is the only company in Jiangxi that has the right to mine rare earth minerals. 17 kinds of elements can be separated by mixing rare earth ore, which can produce fluorescent materials, rare earth metal hydride battery materials, electric light source materials, permanent magnet materials, hydrogen storage materials, catalytic materials, precision ceramic materials, laser materials, superconducting materials, etc. Widely used in electronics, petrochemical, metallurgy, machinery, energy, light industry, environmental protection, agriculture and other fields.
However, according to Zhou Xiaojian, director of the General Manager Office of Jiangxi Tungsten Group Co., Ltd.: “At present, the high-end industrial chain of rare earth downstream is still abroad, and the core technology is also abroad. Most of our tungsten production is metal products, or intermediate products. It is commonly known as the 'primary product'."
The Jiangxi tungsten mine, which is also a rare metal, plays a decisive role at home and abroad. Last year, the national output was 80,000 to 90,000 tons, and Jiangxi accounted for 1/3 of it, about 30,000 tons. However, the technology of deep processing products is low, which seriously affects the industrial output value of enterprises.
"Our tungsten concentrate has not been exported for 5 years or so. The main reason is that the tungsten concentrate is polluted in the early stage. Foreign countries do not want to bring pollution to the domestic market. However, China's tungsten ore deep processing products are seriously lacking, directly affecting the total export. The total amount." Zhou Xiaojian said.
An example of a flaw is that as a company specializing in the production and processing of micro drill bits, Nanchang Cemented Carbide Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of China Minmetals, must add tungsten concentrate to increase the hardness of the drill bit. However, Japan imported low-cost tungsten ore primary processing products from China, tungsten powder, and they further deep-processed these tungsten ore primary products – ultra-fine tungsten powder, which was then exported to Chinese factories at a high price to cooperate in the production of micro drill bits.
In the production process, the primary processing produced in China has the characteristics of high energy consumption and high pollution, while the further deep processing carried out by Japan is much cleaner. The pollution that developed countries have left in China is a recognized fact in the rare metal industry.
This seems to explain why the United States and the European Union are so concerned about China's rising export threshold.
However, in Zhao Jinping’s view, China’s restrictions on the export of rare resources are not in violation of WTO regulations. This is determined by taking into account the actual situation of the country’s economic development, especially in the shadow of the financial crisis, to improve resource utilization and increase The macro-control and management of the import and export of rare metal resources, especially the strategically important rare metal resources, the improvement of export tariffs, the implementation of quota management, and the strict control of the total export volume are very necessary. "This is blocking the hole at the source."
"This friction, we still hope to negotiate through dialogue. If the lawsuit is filed, the situation will be more tense. We are currently preparing for the dialogue and hope to further consultation." On June 25, a person from the Ministry of Commerce "China Business News" reporter said.
On June 23, the EU and the United States claimed that they would file a lawsuit against the World Trade Organization (WTO) on China's restrictions on exporting rare metals. However, the first step would be to send a delegation to negotiate with China. On June 24, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce received a request for consultations from the European Union and the United States on China's raw material export restrictions.
This seems to indicate that in the context of the financial crisis, the competition for strategic resources and the renewed warming of trade disputes in the world.
In fact, the friction caused by the export of China's rare resources is not the first time. Reporters learned from the Ministry of Commerce, in 2005, the export of EU coke with China but had had friction.
"Last friction is caused due to increase export tariffs, finally solved through dialogue, when we are in the domestic resource constraints of the state." The Commerce Department official told reporters.
“The current financial crisis, in order to develop the economy, the need for resources is more urgent. The original intention of China is to better solve the problem of domestic resource shortage and environment. China is a resource-poor country, considering the current situation in China, our industry is facing a transformation and upgrading of industrial structure adjustment, on the one hand by the lack of resource constraints, on the one hand but also by environmental constraints, so the protection of rare mineral resources from the roots of the Chinese Vice Minister of the State Council development Research Center of Foreign economic Research Department " Zhao Jinping told reporters.
Export restrictions
Factors causing the EU and US "disturbed" in China in recent years is the introduction of the new regulations on rare earths, coke, bauxite and other scarce resources exports.
It is reported that in the 1980s and 1990s, China implemented a tariff policy for export tax rebates for rare metal exports. However, it led to domestic indiscriminate excavation and abnormal export, so the country began to protect these strategic resources from excessively rapid consumption.
In 2005, the Chinese government began to adjust the export tariffs on rare metals, but the results were not obvious. Taking rare earth as an example, in 2005, China abolished the export tax rebate policy for rare earth products; in November 2006, China imposed a 10% export tariff on rare earth oxides. However, the export volume of rare earths in the country is still increasing rapidly. At present, at least 80% of the rare earth resources consumed in the world are supplied by China. Compared with 1990, the export volume of rare earths in China has increased by 9 times.
China's rare earth reserves rank first in the world, and its production areas are mainly concentrated in Baotou in Inner Mongolia and Zhangzhou in Jiangxi. According to the current consumption rate, the world's largest rare earth mine Baotou Bayan Obo deposit will disappear within 30 years; the Jiangxi Quzhou rare earth resource mine, known as the "World Tungsten Capital", will be exhausted within 20 years.
It is against this background that on June 1, 2007, China implemented a new tariff program on the export of resource products to further increase the export tariffs on rare metal ore and related products such as tungsten, rare earth and molybdenum, from 5% to 15%.
The role played by this series of measures is obvious. The reporter learned from the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Land and Resources that as early as 2005, the department issued a tungsten ore industry management and supervision method for one of the rare metals, limiting the outflow of resources from the production. The regulations stipulate that the total amount of tungsten mining shall be controlled. Before November 15th, the mining enterprise shall submit the mining application index for the next year to the local and county-level land and resources bureaus, which shall be submitted to the Ministry of Land and Resources for approval after being reviewed by the Provincial Department of Land and Resources; The total amount of responsibility system for mining and mining enterprises shall be signed by the Provincial Department of Land and Resources and the mining enterprises with an annual output of more than 300 tons. The Municipal Land and Resources Bureau shall sign the responsibility with the mining enterprises with an annual output of less than 300 tons.
"The United States and Europe have jointly protested China's restrictions on exporting rare metals. They are also considering their own positions. But I fully agree with China's restrictions on exporting rare metals," an official of the Jiangxi Development and Reform Commission, who asked not to be named, told reporters that "Japan has already It has hoarded a lot of rare metals imported from China. After all, this is an important strategic resource of the country and should be valued and protected by the state. Last year, the local policy of rare metal 'limited price protection' in Jiangxi was triggered by the media.
Regarding the shortcomings of China's rare metal resources industry, Liu Hui, who has worked in the production technology department of Jiangxi Tungsten Group Co., Ltd. for more than 20 years, has a deep understanding: “The total amount of rare metal resources is out of control, the mining order is chaotic, and the overcapacity makes reserves. Every year, the state-owned enterprises have a large amount of mining and production plans every year; while the local private enterprises are self-reliant, policies and industry regulations are difficult to supervise in place, and the situation of chaos and excavation is serious, resulting in market price abuse and low price dumping. Oversupply, affecting the production and operation of normal enterprises."
According to Liu, the current rare metal mining process is simple, personal interests drive short-term behavior, and inadequate supervision by local management departments are the main reasons for the current chaos in the non-ferrous metals industry. The cost of normal mining enterprises is much higher than that of private enterprises. Some enterprises have serious tax evasion and low prices, which have led to the declining pricing power of the whole industry. Foreign countries have taken the opportunity to hoard large amounts of rare metals in China. Once the market price has rebounded or increased, foreign countries will Sufficient storage reduces the price of rare metals in China.
"The state has taken advantage of the outflow of a large number of rare metal resources to restrict the exploitation and export of resources. As a business, it is more beneficial than harm, which is conducive to China's promotion of discourse and pricing power on rare metals."
"The core technology is still abroad"
"These restrictions have little effect on the export of rare metals in Jiangxi. The total volume of mining and exports is down, but the export of extended products is increasing. At the same time, the country has a corresponding quota system every year. The total amount of exports controlled by the state makes it rare. The metal industry can develop in an orderly manner, rather than blindly and wastefully mining," an industry investor told reporters.
At present, Jiangtung Group accounts for 20%~30% of the total output value of mixed rare earths in China. Its Yanzhou Rare Earth Mining Co., Ltd. is the only company in Jiangxi that has the right to mine rare earth minerals. 17 kinds of elements can be separated by mixing rare earth ore, which can produce fluorescent materials, rare earth metal hydride battery materials, electric light source materials, permanent magnet materials, hydrogen storage materials, catalytic materials, precision ceramic materials, laser materials, superconducting materials, etc. Widely used in electronics, petrochemical, metallurgy, machinery, energy, light industry, environmental protection, agriculture and other fields.
However, according to Zhou Xiaojian, director of the General Manager Office of Jiangxi Tungsten Group Co., Ltd.: “At present, the high-end industrial chain of rare earth downstream is still abroad, and the core technology is also abroad. Most of our tungsten production is metal products, or intermediate products. It is commonly known as the 'primary product'."
The Jiangxi tungsten mine, which is also a rare metal, plays a decisive role at home and abroad. Last year, the national output was 80,000 to 90,000 tons, and Jiangxi accounted for 1/3 of it, about 30,000 tons. However, the technology of deep processing products is low, which seriously affects the industrial output value of enterprises.
"Our tungsten concentrate has not been exported for 5 years or so. The main reason is that the tungsten concentrate is polluted in the early stage. Foreign countries do not want to bring pollution to the domestic market. However, China's tungsten ore deep processing products are seriously lacking, directly affecting the total export. The total amount." Zhou Xiaojian said.
An example of a flaw is that as a company specializing in the production and processing of micro drill bits, Nanchang Cemented Carbide Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of China Minmetals, must add tungsten concentrate to increase the hardness of the drill bit. However, Japan imported low-cost tungsten ore primary processing products from China, tungsten powder, and they further deep-processed these tungsten ore primary products – ultra-fine tungsten powder, which was then exported to Chinese factories at a high price to cooperate in the production of micro drill bits.
In the production process, the primary processing produced in China has the characteristics of high energy consumption and high pollution, while the further deep processing carried out by Japan is much cleaner. The pollution that developed countries have left in China is a recognized fact in the rare metal industry.
This seems to explain why the United States and the European Union are so concerned about China's rising export threshold.
However, in Zhao Jinping’s view, China’s restrictions on the export of rare resources are not in violation of WTO regulations. This is determined by taking into account the actual situation of the country’s economic development, especially in the shadow of the financial crisis, to improve resource utilization and increase The macro-control and management of the import and export of rare metal resources, especially the strategically important rare metal resources, the improvement of export tariffs, the implementation of quota management, and the strict control of the total export volume are very necessary. "This is blocking the hole at the source."
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