Cemented carbide is an alloy material made from the hard compound of refractory metal and bonded metal by powder metallurgy. It is mainly used in cutting tools, stamping tools, molds, mining and road construction machinery. According to recent data forecasts, the major consumer industries of cemented carbide are still cutting tools.
Carbide product classification
Cemented carbide is an alloy material made from a hard compound of a refractory metal and a binder metal by a powder metallurgy process. Cemented carbide products mainly use tungsten carbide as the hard phase and cobalt as the binder phase. They are obtained by ball milling, spray granulation, pressing and sintering. They have high hardness, strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Alloys are known as "industrial teeth" and are used in cutting tools, stamping tools, molds, mining and road construction machinery.
Cemented carbides can be classified into tungsten-cobalt alloys, tungsten-titanium-cobalt alloys, tungsten-titanium-niobium (yttrium) cobalt alloys, titanium carbide-based alloys, and coated alloys.
Figure 1: Cemented carbide by component
Cemented carbide can be classified into cutting tools, geological mining tools, molds, structural parts, wear parts, high pressure and high temperature resistant chambers and other uses according to the purpose of classification.
Figure 2: Cemented carbide by purpose
Cemented carbide product demand structure
Cemented carbide is mainly used in cutting tools, mining tools, molds and high-pressure high-temperature chambers. The proportion of cutting tools and mining tools accounts for 33% and 25% of cemented carbide applications, respectively. In cutting tools, cemented carbide is mainly used as tool materials, such as turning tools, milling cutters, planers, drills, boring tools, etc., for cutting cast iron, non-ferrous metals, plastics, chemical fiber, graphite, glass, stone and ordinary steel and difficult to process. The materials, etc., are mainly processed by machine tools. As for mining tools, cemented carbide is mainly used as a rock drilling tool, mining tool and drilling tool, and plays an important role in minerals, oil exploration and infrastructure construction.
Figure 3: Analysis of China's cemented carbide demand structure (unit: %)
Demand for cemented carbide in the field of cutting tools
The downstream application of cutting tools is very extensive. At present, the key customers with large demand for cutting tool products in China are: automobile industry enterprises; top ten industrial groups such as aviation, aerospace, weapons, shipbuilding and nuclear industry; machinery, railway locomotives, molds, Textile, energy equipment, agricultural machinery, and major complete equipment manufacturing enterprises. According to statistics, in the world demand for cutting tools, general machinery and automobile manufacturing account for about 35% each, and aerospace accounts for about 10%.
In recent years, the demand for carbides in China's cutting tools has increased year by year. In 2016, the demand for cutting tools for cemented carbide was approximately 9686 tons, an increase of 4.15% over the previous year. It is expected that the demand in 2017 will exceed the mark of 10,000 tons.
According to the national plan, by 2020, China will become a manufacturing base for key complete sets of equipment and advanced scientific instruments such as automobiles, large aircrafts, ships, electronic components, large-scale integrated circuits, high-end CNC machine tools, all of which will greatly improve the cutting. Tool requirements. Looking ahead, by 2023, the demand for cutting tools for carbides will reach around 13,600 tons.
Figure 4: Analysis and prediction of cutting tool carbide requirements for 2010-2023 (unit: ton)
Demand for cemented carbide in the field of geological mining tools
In recent years, China's geology and mining industry has developed rapidly, which has driven the demand for geological mining tool industry. The demand for geological mining tools and hard alloys is also growing. In 2016, the demand for cemented carbide in the geological mining tool industry is about 7512. Tonne, an increase of 4.39%. Demand in 2017 is expected to grow to around 8,000 tons.
With the advancement of coal mine integration, there will be a large demand for mining tools. In other minerals, the National Mineral Resources Planning (2016-2020) issued by the Ministry of Land and Resources clearly stated that at present, China is still in the mid-stage of industrialization, and the growth of energy resource demand is slowing, but the total demand will remain high. It is estimated that by 2020, China's primary energy consumption will be about 5 billion tons of standard coal, 750 million tons of standard ore of iron ore, 13.5 million tons of refined copper and 35 million tons of primary aluminum. Affected by the international mining market, domestic exploration investment tends to decline, but in general, China's demand for mineral resources is increasing, but domestic mining is in a downward trend, and the previous low-capacity and coarse-harvesting models will gradually be High-capacity mining models are being replaced, and demand for quality mining tools will be greater. The Prospective Industry Research Institute predicts that by 2023, the demand for cemented carbide tools will reach 10,000 tons.
Figure 5: Analysis and forecast of demand for cemented carbide tools in geological mines in 2010-2023 (unit: ton)
Demand for hard alloys in the field of high pressure and high temperature
The increase in the production and sales of synthetic diamonds has driven the demand for high-pressure and high-temperature-resistant chambers, which has also increased the demand for hard alloys. In recent years, the demand for hard alloys in China's high-pressure and high-temperature chambers has been increasing. In 2005, the demand was only 1,350 tons, and by 2016 it was about 3,070 tons, with an average annual growth rate of over 7%. It is estimated that by 2023, the demand for hard alloys in the field of high-pressure and high-temperature chambers will reach 5,000 tons.
Figure 6: Demand analysis of cavity carbides for high pressure and high temperature resistance in 2010-2023 (unit: ton)
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