In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of various types of natural disasters, public safety accidents, and criminal security cases, the social security situation has become increasingly complex. Establishing and improving the urban public security system has become an inevitable trend of social urbanization. Therefore, on the one hand, the capacity of a single individual video surveillance system is gradually increasing. On the other hand, a large-scale networked video surveillance system represented by “Safe City†integrates scattered social video surveillance resources to realize interconnection and interoperability of various systems. Mutual control.
At the same time, digitalization has become an inevitable trend of urban development. Digital technology can be applied to daily urban safety management, accident emergency rescue operations, etc., which provides favorable conditions for the construction of large-scale video surveillance systems, and for urban public safety. Development provides an opportunity.
System Features:
The application targets of large-scale video surveillance systems generally fall into two categories: one is museums, airports, sports venues, intelligent buildings, large-scale factories and mines, and other relatively concentrated regional monitoring; the other is "safe city" social security dynamic management, high-speed Network monitoring with large spans such as highways, detention centers at all levels, border inspection ports, and power telecommunications rooms.
Both types of systems have the following characteristics:
1, a large number of cameras: single system monitoring points reach hundreds or even hundreds; networked systems monitoring points tens of thousands, or even hundreds of thousands.
2. Any camera connected to the system can be viewed and shared from a distance.
3. The larger the system, the more the number of sub-control centers at each level, and the more complex the requirements for video.
4, the preservation of video data requires the system to have the ability of distributed back-end storage.
In response to this situation, many equipment manufacturers and system integrators, combined with the actual situation of each place, proposed their own system construction solutions, whether it is analog networking mode, analog digital combined networking mode, or all-digital networking mode, All are using the bandwidth advantage of the network, through video compression and network transmission technology, to achieve the best transmission and sharing of all video and control signals throughout the system. So all the energy is focused on how to solve the problems in their respective modes, such as network congestion, codec delay, picture quality reduction, format protocol unification and so on.
Market demand:
However, from the user's point of view, users will find that the requirements of large-scale video surveillance systems are no longer satisfied with the security of personnel and assets, not only for the convenience of video browsing (watching video at any time and any place), video recording. Quality (real-time, high-quality) and video image indicators (high frame rate, high resolution) put forward higher standards, and require video surveillance systems for faster linkage response speed, anomalous event emergency handling, behavior analysis and Video digital recognition changes.
This requires the manufacturer to fully understand the actual needs of customers, improve the network platform architecture, and fully consider how to adapt to the requirements of users in the details of product design, and solve problems in actual operation. Matrix is ​​an indispensable core device in large-scale video surveillance systems. What new problems are raised in the current market?
1. The video capacity of the matrix is ​​large. Not only the increase in the number of input cameras, but also the output of the matrix has been expanded from the previous dozens to hundreds of channels due to the sharing requirements of video resources at all levels of management. Due to the structural design problem of the traditional matrix, the number of output channels of a single machine is small. If such a large system is to be formed, dozens of switching boxes are required, which is not only bulky, high in cost, but also complicated video patching cables between the chassis. The attenuation of the signal affects the display.
2, to achieve remote control of the matrix through the network. Large-scale monitoring systems often encounter cross-regional network control and management. For traditional matrix, video output can be transmitted remotely through optical transceivers or codecs. Most of the matrix communication signals are RS-485 or RS-232. Far or no ready-made fiber resources must be transmitted over the network.
3, matrix cascading system takes into account the image real-time high-definition and interconnection and mutual control. In the Ping An City project, most of them need to adopt the matrix cascading system. Not only the central matrix of the municipal bureau should control the switching of the lower-level police station matrix, but also the police station matrix of different jurisdictions often need to adjust the image control gimbal to each other, thus more calmly responding across the matrix. Sudden emergency in the jurisdiction
4. There are a large number of terminal users. Unlike traditional matrix systems, which require only a few sub-control users, today's large-scale video surveillance systems focus on collaborative management and timely processing of surveillance areas, so the number of end users usually increases to a dozen or even dozens (such as Safe City). Projects often require a regional matrix to assign switching control rights for multiple video outputs to all lower-level police stations. The concurrent control signals and broadcast status data are also increased simultaneously, which brings the matrix CPU processing power and bus throughput capability. Larger load. And different users need different permissions to operate different monitors and cameras, each camera can set different permissions for each user.
5. Text identification of images in multi-level video transmission. After the video is networked, the Chinese and English information superimposed by the multi-level matrix is ​​not only the location of the label is not uniform, but also easy to overlap, can not see the label content, and even cover the video image, affecting the quality of the image, which is not conducive to comprehensive command and dispatch. Moreover, the superimposed Chinese characters for video images have also been upgraded from simple annotations to fonts that are aesthetically pleasing and easy to watch. Traditional 16×16/16×12 dot matrix Chinese characters and unadjustable font sizes have been difficult to meet.
6. The sensitivity and accuracy of the fastball control operation needs to be improved. With the development of safe city construction, the fast-ball market has rapidly increased due to its high-speed pan-tilt rotation and accurate angular positioning. This requires the matrix to provide perfect support for the fastball. For example, urban security monitoring not only needs real-time tracking of high-speed moving dynamic targets through fastball, but also needs accurate tracking and positioning of slow-moving pedestrians after zooming in close-up. At present, most matrixes have too fast control precision for fast-goal pan/tilt. Rough, the pan/tilt operation after magnifying the image is easy to deviate from the target and cannot be accurately positioned; even when the gimbal is moving, the lens cannot be zoomed; when the lens is zoomed, the shifting is not supported; these will undoubtedly compromise the overall performance of the system.
7. Handling emergency plans for emergencies. As the core device of video switching, the matrix needs to respond to various linkage information to display the associated video image in time on the screen wall. Especially for large-scale systems, when encountering unexpected events, different strategies should be adopted according to the situation. At this time, accurate, rich and timely image display will provide powerful help. The traditional matrix can only link the pre-edited switching sequence according to the alarm signal. Even if the macro command is provided, only one input is switched in linkage. If different alarms in different time periods are needed, different preset positions of different fastballs are needed. Displayed on different monitors, there is nothing you can do.
8. Partition management of alarm points and video points. The system needs to classify different alarm points into different partitions according to actual customer requirements. Each partition can have independent alarm response, and support alarm records and operation records. It is very helpful for independent arming monitoring and management of distributed areas.
9, multiple monitors are synchronized quickly. Due to the large number of matrix output channels, it is often necessary to switch pages at the same time, which is the test of the matrix switching speed. If the user does not feel as much as possible, the scrolling of the multiple monitors before and after the video switching Stripes are a measure of matrix performance.
10. With reliable interface protection. Due to the large number of large-scale system connection devices and the large proportion of outdoor monitoring points, the stability of the matrix is ​​also brought tough. The video input and output interfaces and control communication interfaces need to consider anti-static, lightning-proof and power surges.
In response to these problems, each matrix manufacturer is actively looking for countermeasures and come up with its own solutions:
1, single chassis can generally support more than 256 × 32, through a new generation of high-density / low-power switching processing chip and processing platform architecture, in order to ensure the heat dissipation and stable operation of the equipment, efforts to reduce the height and internal redundancy of the chassis Space.
2. The CPU core supports the Ethernet interface, and gradually develops from 1M to 2M to 10M/100M. The higher the communication bandwidth, the more able to meet a larger amount of data transmission. The CPU processor is also transitioning from an 8-bit machine to a 16-bit/32-bit machine to provide a higher main frequency and addressing space for the system.
3. A new generation network matrix IP cascading system based on Ethernet technology can not only realize interconnection and mutual control between regions by means of multiple video transmission methods, but also eliminate the traditional RS-485/422/232 mode for data communication. Data networking through the switch, setting up connection maintenance is more convenient and convenient.
4. Not only the keyboard, alarm host and other devices are fully networked, but also the network devices and network users that the matrix can access at the same time are increasing. Through multi-user rights configuration design, each user can have different functions for each camera. Operation control authority.
5. On the basis of the original single-line 8 Chinese character information display, not only the font size and character gray scale can be adjusted, but also multiple lines can be superimposed and displayed to realize hierarchical label management. This is helpful for sub-regional identification of a large number of video scenes.
6. The operation precision of the control keyboard three-dimensional joystick is continuously improved, and the more subdivided pan/tilt shift and lens shifting, the sensitivity and accuracy of the fastball control are maximized.
7. The design of the macro instruction is more flexible and flexible. The user can nest and call according to different events and execute quickly. It can also specify that the system automatically runs the macro instruction within a certain period of time. When the external event is triggered, the system automatically executes the predetermined strategy.
8, the number of alarm zones is more, each zone can also be linked to different operations and switch display modes, such as ATV alarm linkage switching technology that can adapt to the highest level of protection.
9. When the switching speed of a single monitor is increased, more attention is paid to the switching time of a dozen or even dozens of monitors to meet the national standard of 16ms.
10. In order to ensure the stable operation of the system, the protection of the video port and the control port is continuously strengthened, not only the optical isolation, but also the lightning protection, anti-static and anti-surge impact of the script.
The above is only part of the matrix development trend, and there are still many problems that manufacturers need to face and solve. It can be seen that the matrix design manufacturer's innovative design in stand-alone video capacity, communication control mode, macro-operation operation, character superposition technology, vector shifting joystick, etc., is closer to the actual use of users, and more in line with the future trend of technology development. The matrix not only gets rid of the concept of the original switch control host, but also provides powerful and flexible intelligent management for large and medium-sized and very large video surveillance systems, and will become an advanced and powerful new generation intelligent monitoring center!
At the same time, digitalization has become an inevitable trend of urban development. Digital technology can be applied to daily urban safety management, accident emergency rescue operations, etc., which provides favorable conditions for the construction of large-scale video surveillance systems, and for urban public safety. Development provides an opportunity.
System Features:
The application targets of large-scale video surveillance systems generally fall into two categories: one is museums, airports, sports venues, intelligent buildings, large-scale factories and mines, and other relatively concentrated regional monitoring; the other is "safe city" social security dynamic management, high-speed Network monitoring with large spans such as highways, detention centers at all levels, border inspection ports, and power telecommunications rooms.
Both types of systems have the following characteristics:
1, a large number of cameras: single system monitoring points reach hundreds or even hundreds; networked systems monitoring points tens of thousands, or even hundreds of thousands.
2. Any camera connected to the system can be viewed and shared from a distance.
3. The larger the system, the more the number of sub-control centers at each level, and the more complex the requirements for video.
4, the preservation of video data requires the system to have the ability of distributed back-end storage.
In response to this situation, many equipment manufacturers and system integrators, combined with the actual situation of each place, proposed their own system construction solutions, whether it is analog networking mode, analog digital combined networking mode, or all-digital networking mode, All are using the bandwidth advantage of the network, through video compression and network transmission technology, to achieve the best transmission and sharing of all video and control signals throughout the system. So all the energy is focused on how to solve the problems in their respective modes, such as network congestion, codec delay, picture quality reduction, format protocol unification and so on.
Market demand:
However, from the user's point of view, users will find that the requirements of large-scale video surveillance systems are no longer satisfied with the security of personnel and assets, not only for the convenience of video browsing (watching video at any time and any place), video recording. Quality (real-time, high-quality) and video image indicators (high frame rate, high resolution) put forward higher standards, and require video surveillance systems for faster linkage response speed, anomalous event emergency handling, behavior analysis and Video digital recognition changes.
This requires the manufacturer to fully understand the actual needs of customers, improve the network platform architecture, and fully consider how to adapt to the requirements of users in the details of product design, and solve problems in actual operation. Matrix is ​​an indispensable core device in large-scale video surveillance systems. What new problems are raised in the current market?
1. The video capacity of the matrix is ​​large. Not only the increase in the number of input cameras, but also the output of the matrix has been expanded from the previous dozens to hundreds of channels due to the sharing requirements of video resources at all levels of management. Due to the structural design problem of the traditional matrix, the number of output channels of a single machine is small. If such a large system is to be formed, dozens of switching boxes are required, which is not only bulky, high in cost, but also complicated video patching cables between the chassis. The attenuation of the signal affects the display.
2, to achieve remote control of the matrix through the network. Large-scale monitoring systems often encounter cross-regional network control and management. For traditional matrix, video output can be transmitted remotely through optical transceivers or codecs. Most of the matrix communication signals are RS-485 or RS-232. Far or no ready-made fiber resources must be transmitted over the network.
3, matrix cascading system takes into account the image real-time high-definition and interconnection and mutual control. In the Ping An City project, most of them need to adopt the matrix cascading system. Not only the central matrix of the municipal bureau should control the switching of the lower-level police station matrix, but also the police station matrix of different jurisdictions often need to adjust the image control gimbal to each other, thus more calmly responding across the matrix. Sudden emergency in the jurisdiction
4. There are a large number of terminal users. Unlike traditional matrix systems, which require only a few sub-control users, today's large-scale video surveillance systems focus on collaborative management and timely processing of surveillance areas, so the number of end users usually increases to a dozen or even dozens (such as Safe City). Projects often require a regional matrix to assign switching control rights for multiple video outputs to all lower-level police stations. The concurrent control signals and broadcast status data are also increased simultaneously, which brings the matrix CPU processing power and bus throughput capability. Larger load. And different users need different permissions to operate different monitors and cameras, each camera can set different permissions for each user.
5. Text identification of images in multi-level video transmission. After the video is networked, the Chinese and English information superimposed by the multi-level matrix is ​​not only the location of the label is not uniform, but also easy to overlap, can not see the label content, and even cover the video image, affecting the quality of the image, which is not conducive to comprehensive command and dispatch. Moreover, the superimposed Chinese characters for video images have also been upgraded from simple annotations to fonts that are aesthetically pleasing and easy to watch. Traditional 16×16/16×12 dot matrix Chinese characters and unadjustable font sizes have been difficult to meet.
6. The sensitivity and accuracy of the fastball control operation needs to be improved. With the development of safe city construction, the fast-ball market has rapidly increased due to its high-speed pan-tilt rotation and accurate angular positioning. This requires the matrix to provide perfect support for the fastball. For example, urban security monitoring not only needs real-time tracking of high-speed moving dynamic targets through fastball, but also needs accurate tracking and positioning of slow-moving pedestrians after zooming in close-up. At present, most matrixes have too fast control precision for fast-goal pan/tilt. Rough, the pan/tilt operation after magnifying the image is easy to deviate from the target and cannot be accurately positioned; even when the gimbal is moving, the lens cannot be zoomed; when the lens is zoomed, the shifting is not supported; these will undoubtedly compromise the overall performance of the system.
7. Handling emergency plans for emergencies. As the core device of video switching, the matrix needs to respond to various linkage information to display the associated video image in time on the screen wall. Especially for large-scale systems, when encountering unexpected events, different strategies should be adopted according to the situation. At this time, accurate, rich and timely image display will provide powerful help. The traditional matrix can only link the pre-edited switching sequence according to the alarm signal. Even if the macro command is provided, only one input is switched in linkage. If different alarms in different time periods are needed, different preset positions of different fastballs are needed. Displayed on different monitors, there is nothing you can do.
8. Partition management of alarm points and video points. The system needs to classify different alarm points into different partitions according to actual customer requirements. Each partition can have independent alarm response, and support alarm records and operation records. It is very helpful for independent arming monitoring and management of distributed areas.
9, multiple monitors are synchronized quickly. Due to the large number of matrix output channels, it is often necessary to switch pages at the same time, which is the test of the matrix switching speed. If the user does not feel as much as possible, the scrolling of the multiple monitors before and after the video switching Stripes are a measure of matrix performance.
10. With reliable interface protection. Due to the large number of large-scale system connection devices and the large proportion of outdoor monitoring points, the stability of the matrix is ​​also brought tough. The video input and output interfaces and control communication interfaces need to consider anti-static, lightning-proof and power surges.
In response to these problems, each matrix manufacturer is actively looking for countermeasures and come up with its own solutions:
1, single chassis can generally support more than 256 × 32, through a new generation of high-density / low-power switching processing chip and processing platform architecture, in order to ensure the heat dissipation and stable operation of the equipment, efforts to reduce the height and internal redundancy of the chassis Space.
2. The CPU core supports the Ethernet interface, and gradually develops from 1M to 2M to 10M/100M. The higher the communication bandwidth, the more able to meet a larger amount of data transmission. The CPU processor is also transitioning from an 8-bit machine to a 16-bit/32-bit machine to provide a higher main frequency and addressing space for the system.
3. A new generation network matrix IP cascading system based on Ethernet technology can not only realize interconnection and mutual control between regions by means of multiple video transmission methods, but also eliminate the traditional RS-485/422/232 mode for data communication. Data networking through the switch, setting up connection maintenance is more convenient and convenient.
4. Not only the keyboard, alarm host and other devices are fully networked, but also the network devices and network users that the matrix can access at the same time are increasing. Through multi-user rights configuration design, each user can have different functions for each camera. Operation control authority.
5. On the basis of the original single-line 8 Chinese character information display, not only the font size and character gray scale can be adjusted, but also multiple lines can be superimposed and displayed to realize hierarchical label management. This is helpful for sub-regional identification of a large number of video scenes.
6. The operation precision of the control keyboard three-dimensional joystick is continuously improved, and the more subdivided pan/tilt shift and lens shifting, the sensitivity and accuracy of the fastball control are maximized.
7. The design of the macro instruction is more flexible and flexible. The user can nest and call according to different events and execute quickly. It can also specify that the system automatically runs the macro instruction within a certain period of time. When the external event is triggered, the system automatically executes the predetermined strategy.
8, the number of alarm zones is more, each zone can also be linked to different operations and switch display modes, such as ATV alarm linkage switching technology that can adapt to the highest level of protection.
9. When the switching speed of a single monitor is increased, more attention is paid to the switching time of a dozen or even dozens of monitors to meet the national standard of 16ms.
10. In order to ensure the stable operation of the system, the protection of the video port and the control port is continuously strengthened, not only the optical isolation, but also the lightning protection, anti-static and anti-surge impact of the script.
The above is only part of the matrix development trend, and there are still many problems that manufacturers need to face and solve. It can be seen that the matrix design manufacturer's innovative design in stand-alone video capacity, communication control mode, macro-operation operation, character superposition technology, vector shifting joystick, etc., is closer to the actual use of users, and more in line with the future trend of technology development. The matrix not only gets rid of the concept of the original switch control host, but also provides powerful and flexible intelligent management for large and medium-sized and very large video surveillance systems, and will become an advanced and powerful new generation intelligent monitoring center!
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